THE IMPACT OF OBESITY ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

The prevalence of obesity is escalating globally, posing a significant health challenge. Its impact on cardiovascular health stems from both the direct effects of obesity and its association with various comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, insulin resistance, and sleep apnea syndrome. Atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease are notably exacerbated by obesity. Structural and functional alterations of the heart induced by obesity contribute to the development of heart failure, while the modified myocardial structure heightens susceptibility to atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death. Intriguingly, obesity exhibits a paradoxical protective effect on the clinical outcomes of underlying cardiovascular diseases, termed the "obesity paradox." Advancements in cardiac imaging techniques enable the early identification of cardiac structural and functional changes in obese individuals. This review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between obesity and cardiovascular diseases, delineating the underlying mechanisms. Moreover, it highlights emerging cardiac diagnostic methods that facilitate the timely detection and management of subclinical conditions, thereby averting cardiovascular events.