MorphQPV: Exploiting Isomorphism in Quantum Programs to Facilitate Confident Verification

MorphQPV is a methodology to facilitate confident assertion-based verification. Our key insight is to leverage the isomorphism in quantum programs, which suggests an inherent matching between the program input and its runtime states. We first define an assertion statement that consists of assume-guarantee primitives and tracepoint pragma to label the target quantum state. Then, we can characterize the ground-truth relation between states using isomorphism based approximation, which can effectively get the program states under various inputs while avoiding repeated executions. Finally, the verification is formulated as a constraint optimization problem with a confidence estimation model to enable rigorous analysis.