FIG. 36. A and B, Dipodomys deserti AMNH M-182081 (Dipodomyinae, Heteromyidae, Rodentia), adult caudal cranium in ventral and endocranial aspects; C, Galago demidovii AMNH M-89605 (Galagidae, Primates), adult caudal cranium in ventral aspect. Despite highly derived aspect of kangaroo rat skull, mesocranial position of foramina for sphenopterygoid veins suggests that latter may arise from emissaria comparable to those giving rise to transverse canal veins in marsupials. In Galago and other lorisiforms, in addition to ascending pharyngeal artery, rostral carotid foramen transmits large vein with same relations as internal carotid vein. Key: bcf, basicapsular fenestra (includes piriform fenestra and carotid foramen; see Brylski, 1990); BO, basioccipital; BS, basisphenoid; ccf, caudal carotid foramen; eam, external acoustic meatus; EC, ectotympanic; fm, foramen magnum; fo, foramen ovale; hf, hypoglossal foramen; hpf, hypophyseal fossa; jf, jugular foramen; pglf, postglenoid foramen; pgli, postglenoid incisure; PS, presphenoid; PT, pterygoid; rcf, rostral carotid foramen; spf, sphenopterygoid foramen (=?transverse canal foramen); stf, stapedial foramen (according to Howell, 1932; Brylski, 1990); tgf, fossa for trigeminal ganglion.