Investigating the impact of artificial intelligence on organisational performance in the healthcare sector: a study of Nigeria and the UK

Healthcare systems all over the world encounter challenges in achieving the ‘quadruple aim’ 
for healthcare: which is to improve the health of the population, patient experience, healthcare
team wellbeing and to reduce the rising cost of healthcare. These aims are all focused on 
improving performance in healthcare settings. Although there is an abundance of research on 
AI in healthcare, there exists a lack of understanding of the specific impacts of AI on OP in 
healthcare. Despite the continued interest of researchers and practitioners, the application, 
adoption, and implementation of AI to specific elements of organisational performance does 
not appear to have received much interest. Prior to the Covid-19 pandemic, applications of AI 
focused more on other business sectors than on the healthcare sector. Recently however, there 
is increasing interest in how AI can help improve the performance of healthcare organisations. 
This Research investigated the impact of AI on OP in healthcare with a view to linking AI to 
specific elements of OP in healthcare. To accomplish this, the Research adopted the 
exploratory interpretivist paradigm by collecting data from semi-structured interviews with 
Key informants in diverse healthcare settings. This was achieved by thematic analysis of 
interviews, which revealed the impacts of AI on OP in healthcare settings, challenges of AI 
adoption in healthcare and key factors for healthcare AI adoption. The Research concluded 
that AI potentially improves OP in healthcare; furthermore, a framework (and implementation 
guidance) to support the adoption of AI to improve OP in healthcare was developed.