General Description

This dataset accompanies our research on the development of programmable artificial muscles. By integrating photothermal components into shape memory polymer actuators, we have created a system that exhibits on-command multidirectional bending, controlled by illumination intensity and the chirality of the actuators. The dataset showcases the rapid response of these artificial muscles, with reaction times significantly faster than natural heliotropic systems.

The Python code that processes shared data can be found at https://github.com/p3d2/LTCAM.

About Dataset

The folder "data" (inside data.zip) contains thermal videos and recordings of yarns for photothermal actuation measurements. Zahra Madani produced and extruded the filaments, Maija Vaara and Laura Koskelo twisted and winded the filaments, Susobhan Das, and Camilo Arias made the photoactivation recordings and Pedro Silva made the measurements. Samples names can be found in the table below and measurements were performed not sequentially. The "Materials Characterization.zip" contains DMA, DSC, FTIR, Rheology, Tensile, and TGA measurements. The following information in this readme considers the documents inside the data folder only. 

Folders, Files & File formats

If the data includes images or audio, you can mention the file format eg.(.svg, .png, .mpeg)

• LTCAM:
  - 14 npy pixel data with temperatures (mat files)
  - 14 npy time data (time files)
  - Supplementary images of samples and experimental setup
• Butterfly: 
  - 2 npz pixel with temperatures and time data
  - 2 mp4 recordings of the activation of wings
• Rotating:
  - 6 npz pixel with temperatures and time data
  - 6 mp4 recordings of activation of samples in a rotating platform

Optical parameters setup for 'LTCAM' experiments

• Laser specification: Ultrafast laser with pulse width 230 fs and repetition rate 2kHz. (Spectra-Physics, TOPAS)
• Incident wavelength:  800nm (Horizontal polarization)
• Beam Diameter: 5 mm
• Average Power: tunable based on experimental need
• Beam Diameter is larger than the width of the sample. Therefore, to calculate the effective incident power, it has to be the fraction of the total power based on the area of the sample exposed.
• Lens System:  A part of experiment is done under the focused light condition with a lens of 100mm focal length.
• Power Meter: Thorlab Power meter (Model No. S401C) is used to measure the incident power on the sample.(Wavelength range: 190nm to 20000nm). 
  - Setup photo:
  
  
  

Optical parameters setup for 'Butterfly' and 'Rotating' experiments

• Laser: Cobolt 06-MLD | 808 nm | max power = 100 mW
• Setup photo:

LTCAM Samples details

Pictures of samples:

| Name in the article    | Sample No. | Mandrel Dia (mm) | Original length (cm) | Twisting (rounds) | Twists/cm | Twisting Direction | coiling direction |
| ---------- | ---------- | ----------- | ---------------- | ------------- | -------- | ------------- | ------------ |
| ZSØ1A    | M733       | 1                | 50                   | 260               | 5.20      | z                  | s                 |
| ZSØ2A    | M734       | 2                | 50                   | 301               | 6.02      | z                  | s                 |
| ZSØ1B    | M781       | 1                | 50                   | 258               | 5.16      | z                  | s                 |
| ZSØ1C    | M782       | 1                | 50                   | 262               | 5.24      | z                  | s                 |
| ZSØ2B    | M783       | 2                | 48                   | 270               | 5.63      | z                  | s                 |
| ZSØ2C    | M784       | 2                | 50                   | 227               | 4.54      | z                  | s                 |
| ZZØ2A    | M785       | 2                | 50                   | 339               | 6.78      | s                  | s                 |
| ZZØ2B    | M786       | 2                | 50                   | 226               | 4.52      | s                  | s                 |

Experiments 'LTCAM'

| Filename            | Sample name | Laser power (mW) | Time ON (s) | Time OFF (s) | Cycles |
|-------------------|----------------|---------------------|---------------|---------------|--------|
| 230414_112622 | ZSØ2A            |  50                        | 60                 | 30                 | 1         |
| 230414_112851 | ZSØ2A            | 100                       | 60                 | 30                 | 1         |
| 230414_113149 | ZSØ2A            | 150                       | 60                 | 30                 | 1         |
| 230414_113420 | ZSØ2A            | 200                       | 60                 | 30                 | 1         |
| 230414_113656 | ZSØ2A            | 250                       | 60                 | 30                 | 1         |
| 230414_113955 | ZSØ2A            | 300                       | 60                 | 30                 | 1         |
| 230414_114838 | ZSØ1B            | 300                       | 30                 | 30                 | 3         |
| 230414_115518 | ZSØ1C            | 300                       | 30                 | 30                 | 3         |
| 230414_120115 | ZSØ2B            | 300                       | 30                 | 30                 | 3         |
| 230414_120714 | ZSØ2C            | 300                       | 30                 | 30                 | 3         |
| 230414_121714 | ZZØ2B            | 300                       | 30                 | 30                 | 3         |
| 230414_122255 | ZZØ2A            | 300                       | 30                 | 30                 | 3         |
| 230414_122808 | ZSØ2A            | 300                       | 30                 | 30                 | 3         |
| 230414_123244 | ZSØ1A            | 300                       | 30                 | 30                 | 3         |

Experiments 'Butterfly'

| Filename (Recording)    | Filename (IR video) | Laser power (mW) | Time ON (s) | Time OFF (s) | Cycles | Obs.                           |
|---------------------------|----------------------|---------------------|---------------|---------------|--------|------------------------|
| 20231002_134454162   | 231002_164924       | 100                       | 1                   | 1                   | 100     | Left wing activation   |
| 20231002_135842563   | 231002_170312       | 100                       | 1                   | 1                   | 100     | Right wing activation |

Experiments 'Rotating'

| Filename (Recording)    | Filename (IR video)  | Laser power (mW) | Time ON (s) | Rotation deg/s (measured) |
|---------------------------|-----------------------|---------------------|-------------|--------------------------------|
| 20231003_073512244   | 231003_103940       | 100                        | 120             | -28.0                                     |
| 20231003_073755982   | 231003_104223       | 100                        | 120             | -6.6                                       |
| 20231003_074535766   | 231003_105003       | 100                        | 120             | -15.3                                     |
| 20231003_085141041   | 231003_115608       | 100                        | 120             | 5.2                                        |
| 20231003_085417756   | 231003_115845       | 100                        | 120             | 27.3                                      |
| 20231003_085716949   | 231003_120144       | 100                        | 120             | 12.8                                      |