HİSTORİCAL FORMS OF THE ORGANİZATİON OF SCİENCE FROM THE POİNT OF VİEW OF SOCİOLOGY

Abstract: The historical forms of the organization of science are the object of research in
sociology. Sociological research examines the development and changes in the organization of
scientific work. One of the first forms of science organization was a guild organization in which
scientists collaborated and shared knowledge within specialized groups. With the development of
capitalism in Europe, a scientific academy emerged, which became the center of scientific activity
and attracted scientists from all over the world. One of the distinguishing features of the historical
forms of scientific organization was the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities for
research.
With the advent of the industrial Revolution and the development of science, the state began
to play the first role in organizing scientific work.
In the Soviet Union, the organization of science was based on the principles of centralization
and state control. With the spread of the Internet and information technology, new forms of science
organization have emerged, such as international scientific networks and open access to scientific
publications. Modern forms of science organization include institutions that finance research and
coordinate the activities of scientists.
The study of the sociology of historical forms of the organization of science allows us to
understand how the principles and goals of scientific work have changed and what factors influenced
its development.