Published April 9, 2009
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Multivalued Logic with a Tristable Fluorescent Switch
- 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Physical Chemistry, and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University of Huelva, Campus de El Carmen s/n, E-21071 Huelva, Spain
Description
A fluorophore1-spacer-receptor-spacer-fluorophore2 dyad was prepared and photophysically characterized. The two spectrally well-differentiated fluorophores are 1,8-naphthalimide and its 4-amino-substituted derivative, the latter showing strong ICT emission. The receptor unit consists of a tertiary amine, which leads to siteselective
PET (only the 1,8-naphthalimide part gets quenched). This process can be blocked by protonation of the tertiary amine, which, on the other hand, results in enhanced singlet-singlet energy transfer between the 1,8-naphthalimide and 4-amino-1,8-naphthalimide parts (ΦEET ) 0.27 and 0.59 for neutral and monoprotonated form, respectively). In acetonitrile, the monoprotonated form can be deprotonated by sufficiently basic anions like fluoride in micromolar concentration (<20 μM). The observed fluorescence quenching, due to PET-reactivation, is ca. 41%. Further addition of fluoride in concentrations >1 mM leads to deprotonation of the 4-amino group of one of the naphthalimides, which is accompanied by more fluorescence quenching (ca. 93%). The resulting double-sigmoidal titration curve enables the implementation of ternary
logic. Using fluoride anions as degenerate inputs results in a ternary NOR logic gate, which is demonstrated for the first time.
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Funding
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- Beca Ramón y Cajal RYC- 2005-000175
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- Estrategias avanzadas para el diseño de dispositivos lógicos moleculares CTQ2008-06777-C02-02
- Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia
- Beca postdoctoral SFRH/BPD/34384/2006
Dates
- Other
-
2009-04-09Published
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