A REVIEW ON DIABETES MELLITUS ENHANCES THE COMPLICATION OF PATIENTS WITH COVID -19

The RNA virus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS Cov-2) is the source of the current pandemic infection known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The organs primarily impacted by COVID-19 are the lungs, and the disease has killed patients from multi-organ failure, pneumonia, and severe acute respiratory syndrome. The mortality rate was higher in people with chronic illnesses, such as diabetes mellitus (DM). The COVID-19 pandemic is spreading quickly, thus it's critical to comprehend the molecular process by which diabetes mellitus heightens COVID-19 symptoms to develop more effective treatments. The purpose of this study was to re-analyze publically accessible data to determine the mechanisms by which diabetes mellitus (DM) enhances susceptibility to COVID-19 infection and/or increases the risk of SARS-Cov-2 infection complications.  Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), a membrane-bound enzyme, allows SARS-COV-2 to enter host cells. This results in an excess of activity in the vasodeletorious arms of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and an imbalance between the vasoprotective and vasodeletorious arms. Breathing becomes difficult and the alveoli become flooded as a result of this RAS imbalance. Due to DM's suppression of ACE2 and weakening of innate immunity, the risk of lung infection increased. Therefore, in addition to severe acute respiratory syndrome, diabetic COVID-19 patients also die from shock, heart failure, arrhythmias, multi-organ failure, and renal failure. Therefore, it may be said that DM exacerbates COVID-19 problems by promoting the development of RAS imbalance. From the perspective of public health, it is advised to prevent and lessen the acute effects of COVID-19 in diabetic patients by maintaining lung health, controlling blood glucose levels, and consuming foods high in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds.

Keywords: COVID-19, Antioxidant, Angiotensin converting enzyme, Diabetes mellitus, Renin-angiotensin system