Standardization landscape, needs and gaps for the virtual human twin (VHT)

This document created within the European Coordination and Support Action (CSA) of the EDITH (Ecosystem Digital Twins in Healthcare) project describes the current landscape of formatting and description standards, terminologies and metadata guidelines for virtual human twins (VHTs). It refers to corresponding biomedical data, simulation models and workflows, as well as their metadata relevant for the definition, implementation, and simulation of Digital Twins in Healthcare (DTHs). It comprises both,  ISO and community standards and lists the relevant standards and terminologies describing the modelling process, the integration of domain-specific medical research data with routine data from electronic health records, the documentation of data provenance, the validation process for biomedical, physiological, bio-signaling and other healthcare data and models.

The document also reveals needs and gaps in the current standards landscape to drive the further development of such standards. Therefore, remarks and comments on how to improve existing standards or on areas for which standards are still missing are very welcome.