Role of Pinus gerardiana Wallichex D. Don seed in the management of Neurodegenerative disorders

The dominant chemicals present in the seed of Pinus gerardiana Wallichex D. Don, Oleic acid (OA) a monosaturated fatty acid and Linoleic acid (LA) a polysaturated fatty acid. Both being unsaturated fats have beneficial properties as anti- inflammatory and Neuroprotective agents along with several therapeutic effects. Oleic acid demonstrates the potency to reduce the prolyl endopeptidase activity in brain amyloidogenesis, follow up by the multiple protective effects in pathways critical to the formation of β-amyloid plaques in brain of the mice suffering from the Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Also, it has been observed that the frontal cortex and hippocampus of AD brains have a substantial reduction in monounsaturated fatty acids (FAs), including OA. This all indicates that the OA is beneficial in the prevent and management of Alzheimer’s disease. Oleic acid along with Linoleic acid have been efficacious for the management and prevention of Parkinson’s disease (PD) as, lipid droplets (LDs) can be destroyed in two ways later on: lipolysis and lipophagy. Lipolysis is a sort of neutral degradation carried out by cytoplasmic enzymes. Lipophagy is the acidic destruction of LDs by autophagy, either micro- or macro-autophagy. The latter step begins with the formation of a phagophore that contains all or a portion of the LDs, giving rise to a lipoautophagosome, which unites with a lysosome to form the autolysosome, which degrades the LDs. LDs and autophagy markers might accumulate in brain cells throughout the aging process, under stressful situations, neurons increase lipid synthesis and astrocytes increase LD accumulation, potentially due to a neuron-astrocyte connection involved in lipid metabolism. A number of researches suggests that LDs may act as a free radical sink. As a result, it may have an antioxidant and protective function in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. Several fatty acids, on the other hand (e.g., linoleic or oleic acid), influence LD levels via modulating autophagic flux and LD biogenesis. Hypothetically it can be said that the increased quantity of LDs operates as free radical scavengers. The increased lipophagy clearance might then operate as an antioxidant mechanism. Hence it can be postulate that both OA and LA are adept enough to manage or prevent the Parkinson’s disease. Furthermore, aside from the clinical motor characteristics, modest cognitive impairment, primarily executive dysfunction, with secondary visuospatial and memory problems, may be detected in the early stages of illness.  It was coming to know from several researches that around 20-40% of patients, with these issues may progress to dementia, which is a significant risk factor for caregiver distress, poor quality of life, and nursing facility placement. Progressive dysexecutive syndrome, attentional impairments, fluctuating cognition, and psychotic symptoms are common characteristics of dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD-D). This implements that the association between PD and Dementia. people with Alzheimer's disease suffer from both short-term memory impairment and problems forming new material in long-term storage. Alzheimer's disease is usually regarded as a cause of presenile dementia, whereas so-called "senile dementia" (Age 65+) was formerly overlooked by both the general public and medical practitioners, but it is now known that AD affects individuals of all ages. Hence the association between the Alzheimer’s disease. To preserver with this, it can be said that the Pinus gerardiana seed might be suggesting in the management of Neurodegenerative disorders.