Sporotrichosis: Spectrum and Complications

Sporotrichosis, a fungal infection caused by the Sporothrix genus, predominantly presents as cutaneous disease following inoculation through minor skin trauma. Environmental exposure, often linked to soil, plants, or infected animals, is a common source of acquisition. The spectrum of the disease ranges from localized skin lesions to severe disseminated forms, with manifestations including osteoarticular involvement and rare occurrences of meningitis. Prompt diagnosis, typically achieved through culture, is vital for effective management. Treatment, primarily employing antifungal agents like amphotericin B and itraconazole, is essential, as spontaneous resolution is rare. The prognosis varies, with localized infections responding well to treatment, while extracutaneous forms, especially in immunocompromised individuals, may lead to complications and poorer outcomes. Meningitis poses a significant challenge due to limited therapeutic options and diagnostic complexities.