ANTROPOLOGICAL CONCEPT OF DESCARTES AS A PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS FOR THE PHENOMENON OF NEUROPLASTICITY

In the treatises of Descartes, the body and thesoul arе studied not simply as separate, but rather as heterogeneous substantial elements. For example, heterogeneity consists in the fact that the body is divisible and the soul is indivisible. This approach does not mean radical dualism, on the contrary, a separate study of the body first, then the soul, and finally their connection, their combination, becomes clear. The main role in the combination of body and soul, at the same time as the function of the container of the soul, is performed by the "pineal gland", or "H gland", as Descartes calls it. Along with this integrity of the heterogeneous substance elements of the soul and body, an important place is given to metaphysical properties - free will and reason as an equal component of a complete physical-metaphysical substance of a person. A special place is taken by criticism of the distorting medicalization of Descartes' philosophy and extreme dualism, on which doctors and neuroscientists who are not familiar with humanitarian education build their views. Neuroscientists are ignorant of humanitarian knowledge and have no flair for philosophy and therefore medicalized Descartes' concept too much and lost its metaphysical and anthropological meaning. Misconceptions about the extreme dualism of Descartes' anthropology have driven neuroscientists into their own epistemological mind-body trap, which is fundamentally undecidable. Understanding Descartes' anthropology as a physical-metaphysical substance combination soul and body makes it an acceptable philosophical basis for the phenomenon of neuroplasticity. Neuroplasticity is considered a phenomenon, but the human being itself is also a phenomenon that consists of the anthropological paradox of physics and metaphysics.