Published November 27, 2023 | Version v1
Taxonomic treatment Open

Polynemidae Rafinesque 1815

  • 1. Escuela de Biología, Museo de Zoología / Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ecología Tropical (CIBET) and Centro de
  • 2. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 480 Wilson Rd # 13, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA joel. t. betts @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 6018 - 8995
  • 3. Unidad de Gestión Técnica de Proyectos - Oficina de Relaciones Internacionales y de Cooperación Externa (ORICE / UGETEP),
  • 4. Universidad Americana (UAM, Costado Noroeste Camino de Oriente, Managua, Nicaragua edgar. ecologica @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 8148 - 3195
  • 5. Department of Environment and Development, Zamorano Biodiversity Center. Zamorano University of Tegucigalpa, P. O. Box 93, Honduras evandenberghe @ zamorano. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 7566 - 0415
  • 6. Field Museum of Natural History (FMNH). Chicago, Illinois, United States of America delias @ fieldmuseum. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 4215 - 0384 cmcmahan @ fieldmuseum. org; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2113 - 8554

Description

Family Polynemidae Rafinesque 1815 (Fig. 3M). Threadfins, Tassel-Fishes, Bobos; Bobos, Barbudos

Description: Body elongate, compressed; up to 46 cm in length; snout short, conical, translucent, overhangs mouth; mouth moderate, inferior, with bottom lip extending to front, but no top lip; tooth bands of top jaw touching in center; eyes large, longer than snout, with fatty cover, at front of head; preopercle serrated; scales rough; lateral line extends onto caudal fin; pectoral fin low on side, divided in two portions, the upper portion a normal fin, with 12–19 rays, the lower portion, under gills, with 3–16 long, free rays; two well separated dorsal fins, the first one with eight spines and the second one with one spine and 11–15 rays; pelvic fins well behind the pectoral fin base, under the first dorsal; anal fin base short, with three spines and 10–18 rays; caudal fin forked (Robertson & Allen 2015).

Distribution: Marine (often brackish), rarely freshwater; worldwide, all tropical and subtropical seas (Robertson & Allen 2015). One genus and three species in Nicaraguan freshwaters.

Notes

Published as part of Angulo, Arturo, Betts, Joel T., González-Alemán, Néstor J., Castañeda, Edgar, Berghe, Eric Van Den, Elías, Diego J., Mcmahan, Caleb D. & Matamoros, Wilfredo A., 2023, Continental fishes of Nicaragua: diversity, distribution and conservation status; with an annotated and illustrated checklist of species and an identification guide to families, pp. 1-89 in Zootaxa 5376 (1) on page 41, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5376.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/10208788

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Additional details

References

  • Robertson, D. R. & Allen, G. R. (2015) Shorefishes of the Tropical Eastern Pacific: online information system. Version 2.0. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama´. Available from: https: // biogeodb. stri. si. edu / sftep / en / pages (acccesed 18 February 2023)