DUCC - Dataset for UAS Cellular Communications

Motivation
The Dataset for Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Cellular Communications, short DUCC, was created with the aim of advancing communications for Beyond Visual Line of Sight (BVLOS) operations. With this objective in mind, datasets were generated to analyse the behaviour of cellular communications for UAS operations.

Measurement
A measurement setup was implemented to execute the measurements. Two Sierra Wireless EM9191 modems possessing both LTE and 5G capabilities were utilized in order to establish a connection to the cellular network and measure the physical parameters of the air-link. Every modem was equipped with four Taoglas antennas, two of type TG 35.8113 and two of type TG 45.8113. To capture the measurements a Raspberry Pi 4B is used. All hardware components were integrated into a box and attached to a DJI Matrice 300 RTK. A connection to the drone controller has been established to obtain location, speed and attitude. To measure end-to-end network parameters, dummy data was exchanged bidirectionally between the Raspberry Pi and a server. Both the server as well as the Raspberry Pi are synchronized with the GPS time in order to measure the one-way packet delay. For this purpose, we utilised Iperf3 and customised it to suit our requirements. To ensure precise positioning of the drone a Real Time Kinematik (RTK) station was placed on the ground during the measurements.

The measurements were performed at three distinct rural locations. Waypoint flights were undertaken with the points arranged in a cuboid formation maximizing the coverage of the air volume. Thereby, the campaigns were conducted with varying drone speeds. Moreover, for location A, different flight routes with rotated grids were implemented to reduce bias. Finally, a validation dataset is provided for location A, where the waypoints were calculated according to Quality of Service (QoS) based path-planning.

Dataset Structure and Usage
The dataset's structure consists of:
-- Dataset
  |-- LocationX
    |-- RouteX (in case different routes at LocationX were created)
      |-- LocXRouteX.kml (file containing the waypoints in the kml format)
      |-- SpeedXMeterPerSecond (folder containing the datasets recorded with a specific drone speed)
        |-- YYYY-MM-DD hh_mm_ss.s.pkl.gz (Dataset file)
    |-- RouteY
      |-- ...
  |-- ...

The dataset files can be loaded using the pandas module in python3. The file "load.py" provides a sample script for loading a dataset as well as the corresponding .kml file which contains the predefined waypoints.

License
All datasets are copyright by us and published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International. This means that you must attribute the work in the manner specified by the authors, you may not use this work for commercial purposes and if you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same license. This dataset is made available for academic use only. However, we take your privacy seriously! If you find yourself or personal belongings in this dataset and feel unwell about it, please contact us at automotive@oth-aw.de and we will immediately remove the respective data from our server.

Achnowledgement
The authors gratefully acknowledge the following European Union H2020 -- ECSEL Joint Undertaking project for financial support including funding by the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF): ADACORSA (Grant Agreement No. 876019, funding code 16MEE0039).