Fig. 4. A) Longitudinal section of a brood chamber of Dichotomius carbonarius, showing a two-week-old larva molding a fecal pellet with its mouthparts inside a cavity within provisions, scale bar = 0.5 cm, B) Five-week-old larva with large hump inside brood chamber, scale bar = 0.5 cm, C) Pupation chamber with remains of the leaf layer; note the lack of arrangement of pellets and the botryoidal aspect, scale bar = 1 cm, D) Other pupation chamber without remains of the leaf layer, scale bar = 1 cm.