Fig. 2. Brood chambers of Dichotomius carbonarius. A) Leaf layer composed of monocot leaves and soil covering the protuberance, B) With entire leaf of rabo duro in the external layer, C) External leaf layer mostly missing, D) Protuberance covered by a layer of grasses, E and F) Same chamber showing split between protuberance and spherical structure; note the absence of a leaf layer in the contact zone of the two parts and the grass leaf included in provisions connecting both parts. Scale bar = 1 cm.