Published July 5, 2022 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Assessment of dietary patterns and sleep quality in middle aged Gujarati community

Authors/Creators

Description

Background: Globally, Gujaratis are estimated to comprise around 33% of the Indian diaspora worldwide. According to Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) world factbook demographic statistics, India's highest percentage comprises 25 to 64 years of age. In earlier times, sleep was thought to be complaisant and dormant in daily lives. Gujaratis are esteemed entrepreneurs, industrialists and brokers and homemakers. This manifests much independence and responsibility, which might result in stressful living. This causes brains to be very active during sleep, which affects sleep quality and dietary patterns.  

Aim: To correlate dietary patterns and sleep quality of middle age in the Gujarati community.

Methodology: The study was carried out on 100 middle-aged Gujarati men and women residing all over India. Participants were selected by the purposive convenience sampling method. A hybrid mode was used to collect the data. The structured questionnaire was administered through google form and a 24-hours dietary recall was collected through phone calls, google meet. Data was analysed using SPSS software version 25.

Results: Nutrients such as energy, protein, zinc and copper were low in both genders and also fat intake was low in females and vitamin C in males when compared with RDA. While intake of carbohydrates, tryptophan was higher in both the genders wherein fat was higher in males than in RDA. Gender, tobacco, alcohol, and eating/drinking before sleep lowers habitual sleep efficiency, which means it lowers the number of sleeping in bed to the number of hours lying in bed. Sleep latency is linked with gender and bedroom temperature i.e., males fall asleep sooner than females and poor lighting, noisy rooms and too hot/cold bedroom cause delay in falling asleep. Alcohol and tobacco consumption decreases sleep duration i.e., fewer hours of sleep. Poor subjective sleep is observed with increased screen time and eating habits before bed. Less physical activity and a lesser gap between the last meal and bedtime have daytime dysfunction which affects being enthusiastic about everyday chores.

Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that Middle-aged Gujaratis show alterations in sleep quality when their dietary patterns were changed. Also, poor bedroom environment and higher screentime resulted in poor sleep quality.

Files

IJRTI2207021.pdf

Files (1.1 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:8b992b150c38185af7b79a9eafd4a602
1.1 MB Preview Download

Additional details

References

  • [1] Caddick, Zachary & Gregory, Kevin &Arsintescu, Lucia & Flynn-Evans, Erin. (2018). A review of the environmental parameters necessary for an optimal sleep environment. Building and Environment. 132. 10.1016/j.buildenv.2018.01.020. [2] Cherasse, Y., &Urade, Y. (2017). Dietary Zinc Acts as a Sleep Modulator. International journal of molecular sciences, 18(11), 2334. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18112334 [3]Christensen, M. A., Bettencourt, L., Kaye, L., Moturu, S. T., Nguyen, K. T., Olgin, J. E., Pletcher, M. J., & Marcus, G. M. (2016). Direct Measurements of Smartphone Screen-Time: Relationships with Demographics and Sleep. PloS one, 11(11), e0165331. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165331 [4] Falbe, J., Davison, K. K., Franckle, R. L., Ganter, C., Gortmaker, S. L., Smith, L., Land, T., & Taveras, E. M. (2015). Sleep duration, restfulness, and screens in the sleep environment. Pediatrics, 135(2), e367–e375. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2014 2306 [5] Gao, Q., Kou, T., Zhuang, B., Ren, Y., Dong, X., & Wang, Q. (2018). The Association between Vitamin D Deficiency and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients, 10(10), 1395. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10101395 [6] Gonzalez, Michael & Miranda-Massari, Jorge. (2014). Diet and Stress. Psychiatric Clinics of North America. 37. 10.1016/j.psc.2014.08.004. [7] Grigg-Damberger, M. M., & Yeager, K. K. (2020). Bedtime screen use in middle-aged and older adults growing during a pandemic. Journal of clinical sleep medicine: JCSM: official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 16(S1), 25–26. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8892 [8] Gupta, R., Grover, S., Basu, A., Krishnan, V., Tripathi, A., Subramanyam, A., Nischal, A., Hussain, A., Mehra, A., Ambekar, A., Saha, G., Mishra, K. K., Bathla, M., Jagiwala, M., Manjunatha, N., Nebhinani, N., Gaur, N., Kumar, N., Dalal, P. K., Kumar, P., Avasthi, A. (2020). Changes in sleep pattern and sleep quality during COVID-19 lockdown. Indian journal of psychiatry, 62(4), 370–378. https://doi.org/10.4103/psychiatry.IndianJPsychiatry_523_20 [9] Lavender, R. M. (2015). Electronic media use and sleep quality. The Undergraduate Journal of Psychology, 28(1), 55-to [10] Ohida, T., Kamal, A. M., Uchiyama, M., Kim, K., Takemura, S., Sone, T., & Ishii, T. (2001). The influence of lifestyle and health status factors on sleep loss among the Japanese general population. Sleep, 24(3), 333–338. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/24.3.333 [11] Panda, S., Taly, A. B., Sinha, S., Gururaj, G., Girish, N., &Nagaraja, D. (2012). Sleep-related disorders among a healthy population in South India. Neurology India, 60(1), 68–74. https://doi.org/10.4103/0028-3886.93601 [12] Pérez-Carbonell, L., Meurling, I., Wassermann, D., Gnoni, V., Leschziner, G., Weighall, A., Ellis, J., Durrant, S., Hare, A., Steier, J., & BSS task force on early detection screening, o. (2020). Impact of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on sleep. Journal Of Thoracic Disease, 12(S2), S163-S175. doi:10.21037/jtd-cus-2020-015 [13] Reid, K. J., Baron, K. G., & Zee, P. C. (2014). Meal timing influences daily caloric intake in healthy adults. Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.), 34(11), 930–935. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2014.09.010 [14] Sher L. (2020). COVID-19, anxiety, sleep disturbances and suicide. Sleep medicine, 70, 124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2020.04.019 [15] Thomas, E. A., Zaman, A., Cornier, M. A., Catenacci, V. A., Tussey, E. J., Grau, L., Arbet, J., Broussard, J. L., &Rynders, C. A. (2020). Later Meal and Sleep Timing Predicts Higher Percent Body Fat. Nutrients, 13(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13010073 [16] Van Oostrom, S. H., Nooyens, A. C., van Boxtel, M. P., & Verschuren, W. M. (2018). Long sleep duration is associated with lower cognitive function among middle-age adults–the Doetinchem Cohort Study. Sleep medicine, 41, 78-85. [17] Wardle, J., & Gibson, E. L. (2002). Impact of stress on diet: Processes and implications. In S. A. Stansfeld& M. G. Marmot (Eds.), Stress and the heart: Psychosocial pathways to coronary heart disease (pp. 124–149). BMJ Books. [18] Zuraikat, F. M., Makarem, N., Liao, M., St-Onge, M. P., & Aggarwal, B. (2020). Measures of Poor Sleep Quality Are Associated With Higher Energy Intake and Poor Diet Quality in a Diverse Sample of Women From the Go Red for Women Strategically Focused Research Network. Journal of the American Heart Association, 9(4), e014587. https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.119.014587