Published October 1, 2023 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Vaccination Approaches of Primary Healthcare Personnel and Their Communication Levels with Parents Having Childhood Vaccine Hesitancy

  • 1. Department of Public Health, Gulhane Medical Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • 2. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • 3. General Directorate of Health Information Systems, Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Health, Ankara, Türkiye.
  • 4. Department of Medical Microbiology, Yalova University Faculty of Medicine, Yalova, Türkiye.
  • 5. Ankara Provincial Health Directorate, Public Health Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, Ankara, Türkiye.

Description

Abstract

Vaccines have saved more lives than any other health development in the 20th century. One of the most cost-effective programs for reducing infant/child morbidity and mortality is the vaccination of children against common vaccine-preventable diseases. Türkiye is one of the countries that has managed to achieve a significant reduction in the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases by increasing immunization rates. Currently, 13 different antigens are included in the vaccination calendar of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye, and all vaccines to be administered (vaccination calendar) are determined and continuously updated by the Immunization Advisory Board of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Türkiye. Our study is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 410 family physicians and family health workers were included in the study. An interactive training meeting on vaccines, vaccine hesitancy, communication, and counseling was organized in 18 groups (including the study participants) in May-June 2019. A questionnaire form consisting of 24 topics was applied to the participants before the training presentation. When comparisons between groups were analyzed according to the answers given by the participants to some questions, it was found that 57.1% of the group with a good average of knowledge, attitude and behavior score reflecting the level of communication with parents with vaccine hesitancy had received training on vaccines and their characteristics, while 43.6% of the group with a poor average had received this training, and the difference was statistically significant (p=0.008). Parents with vaccine refusal were most hesitant about Measles-Mumps-Rubella (MMR) vaccine (87.7%). Healthcare professionals play a very important role in the provision of healthcare services and in the decision-making of families about vaccination with the counseling they provide all over the world. To reduce vaccine hesitancy, continuous education activities on vaccination for health professionals, the creation of educational materials for public education, the use of mass media, and legal regulations can be made.

Özet

Aşılar, 20. yüzyılda diğer sağlık gelişmelerinden daha fazla hayat kurtarmıştır. Yenidoğan/çocuk hastalık ve ölümlerini azaltmaya yönelik en uygun maliyetli programlardan biri, çocukların toplumda yaygın olarak görülen aşıyla önlenebilir hastalıklara karşı aşılanmasıdır. Türkiye, aşılama oranlarını artırarak aşıyla önlenebilir hastalıkların görülme sıklığını önemli ölçüde azaltmayı başaran ülkelerden biri olmuştur. Günümüzde Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı aşılama takviminde 13 farklı hastalık için aşı yer almakta olup, uygulanacak tüm aşılar (aşılama takvimi) Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı Bağışıklama Danışma Kurulu tarafından belirlenmekte ve sürekli olarak güncellenmektedir. Çalışmamız kesitsel tanımlayıcı bir araştırma olup, bu çalışmaya toplam 410 aile hekimi ve aile sağlığı çalışanı dahil edildi. Mayıs-Haziran 2019'da aralarında çalışma katılımcılarının da yer aldığı aile hekimleri ve aile sağlığı çalışanlarına 18 grup halinde aşılar, aşı tereddütleri, iletişim ve danışmanlık konularında interaktif bir eğitim toplantısı düzenlendi. Katılımcılara eğitim sunumundan önce 24 başlıktan oluşan bir anket formu uygulandı. Katılımcıların bazı sorulara verdikleri yanıtlara göre gruplar arası karşılaştırmalar analiz edildiğinde, aşı tereddütü olan ebeveynlerle iletişim düzeylerini yansıtan bilgi, tutum ve davranış puan ortalamaları daha iyi olan grubun %57.1'inin, ortalaması kötü olan grubun ise %43.6'sının aşılar ve aşıların özellikleri konusunda eğitim aldığı belirlendi ve gruplar arasındaki farkın istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde olduğu bulundu (p=0.008). Aşıyı reddeden ebeveynler en çok Kızamık-Kabakulak-Kızamıkçık (measles-mumps-rubella, MMR) aşısı konusunda tereddüt gösteriyordu (%87.7). Sağlık profesyonelleri dünyanın her yerinde verdikleri danışmanlık ile sağlık hizmetlerinin sunumunda ve ailelerin aşı konusunda karar vermesinde çok önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Aşı tereddütünü azaltmak için sağlık çalışanlarına yönelik aşı konusunda sürekli eğitim faaliyetleri, toplumsal eğitime yönelik eğitim materyallerinin oluşturulması, kitle iletişim araçlarının kullanımı ve yasal düzenlemeler gibi alanlarda çalışmalar yürütülebilir.

Notes

Birinci Basamak Sağlık Personelinin Aşılama Yaklaşımları ve Çocukluk Çağı Aşı Tereddütü Olan Ebeveynlerle İletişim Düzeyleri

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