Dataset related to the article " Multi‑omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification"

This record contains raw data related to the article “Multi‑omics in thoracic aortic aneurysm: the complex road to the simplification”.

Abstract

Background - Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a serious condition that affects the aorta, characterized by the dilation
of its first segment. The causes of TAA (e.g., age, hypertension, genetic syndromes) are heterogeneous and contribute
to the weakening of the aortic wall. This complexity makes treating this life-threatening aortopathy challenging,
as there are currently no etiological therapy available, and pharmacological strategies, aimed at avoiding surgical aortic
replacement, are merely palliative. Recent studies on novel therapies for TAA have focused on identifying biological
targets and etiological mechanisms of the disease by using advanced -omics techniques, including epigenomics,
transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches.
Methods - This review presents the latest findings from -omics approaches and underscores the importance of integrating
multi-omics data to gain more comprehensive understanding of TAA.
Results - Literature suggests that the alterations in TAA mediators frequently involve members of pro-fibrotic process
(i.e., TGF-β signaling pathways) or proteins associated with cell/extracellular structures (e.g., aggrecans). Further analyses
often reported the importance in TAA of processes as inflammation (PCR, CD3, leukotriene compounds), oxidative
stress (chromatin OXPHOS, fatty acids), mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis (e.g., PPARs
and HIF1a). Of note, more recent metabolomics studies added novel molecular markers to the list of TAA-specific
detrimental mediators (proteoglycans).
Conclusion - It is increasingly clear that integrating data from different -omics branches, along with clinical data,
is essential as well as complicated both to reveal hidden relevant information and to address complex diseases such
as TAA. Importantly, recent progresses in metabolomics highlighted novel potential and unprecedented marks in TAA
diagnosis and therapy.

Keywords - Thoracic aortic aneurysm, Epigenomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics