HYPERLIPIDEMIA: INFLAMMATORY PATHWAY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL APPROACH

Hyperlipidemic condition serve as a major risk factor for cardiovascular events as they contribute to free fatty acid circulation. Co-occurrence of obesity, hyperglycemia and cardiovascular disease is the major health concern resulting in increased mortality.  It activates JNK pathway interfere with RAAS pathway contributing to cardiovascular complications. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF α), interleukins (IL-1, IL-6, IL-18) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) are the most important inflammatory cytokines implicated in hyperlipidemic condition which accelerates systemic inflammation. Elevated level of TNF α remains the independent factor for cardiovascular mortality. Chronic inflammation is the hall mark of cardiovascular progress which results from elevated concentration of CRP. CRP promotes endothelial dysfunction and has been recognized as key factor for cardiovascular. Further it enhances the production of IL-6 which worsens the condition by increasing triglyceride concentration. Oxidative stress in hyperlipidemia induces IL-18 concentration which results in atherosclerotic plaque and arterial stiffness.

Medicinal plants are rich in antioxidants and metabolites act as source to inhibit the cholesterol synthesis and reduced inflammation with their antioxidant properties. This paper discuss the antihyperlipidemic properties of fenugreek, cumin and fennel based on previous research studies.

Keywords: Antioxidants, Antihyperlipidemic Cardiovascular events, Inflammation, Obesity.