Rice yield and nutrient balance in southwest China

The optimal application of nutrients, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, to the soil is crucial for achieving high crop yields with minimal environmental impact. However, the effect of spatio-temporal changes in soil nutrient supply on crop yield is poorly understood in China. Here, we present a framework that combines environmental data, fertilizer field experiments, and machine learning to estimate the rice yield responses to different nutrient conditions and overall farmland nutrient sustainability in southwest China from 2009 to 2019. This dataset contains data on the spatial distribution of rice yield forecasts and farmland nutrient balances in Southwest China in 2009 and 2019.