Figure 6. A in A true caudal fin or not? New insights in the evolution of the gadiform caudal fin

Figure 6. A, phylogenetic hypotheses of gadiforms of (Roa-Varón et al. 2021). Schematic drawings of the caudal-fin skeleton with one representative of each gadiform family/subfamily (taxonomic nomenclature following Nelson et al. 2016), respectively, are mapped on the trees: Bregmacerotidae, Bregmaceros sp.; Merlucciidae, Merluccius merluccius; Euclichthyidae, Euclichthys polynemus (Markle 1989, Paưerson and Rosen 1989); Melanonidae, Melanonus zugmayeri (Howes 1993, Endo 2002); Muraenolepididae, Muraenolepis microps; Trachyrincidae, Trachyrincus scabrus; Moridae, Gadella jordani; Macrouridae, Coryphaenoides rupestris; Steindachneriidae, Steindachneria argentea (Borden et al. 2013); Macruronidae, Macruronus novaezelandiae (Howes 1991, Endo 2002); Bathygadidae, Bathygadus melanobranchus (Howes and Crimmen 1990); Ranicipitidae, Raniceps raninus (Dunn and Matarese 1984); Phycinae, Phycis blennoides; Lotinae, Lota lota; Gadinae, Gadiculus argenteus; Gaidropsarinae, Gaidropsarus mediterraneus. Colour code corresponds to terminology of (B), dark grey elements are pterygiophores, beige elements represent the neural arch of ural centrum II, identity of white elements uncertain. B, neutral nomenclature for skeletal elements of the caudal fin in Gadiformes used in this study according to Figure 1; C, elements of the gadiform caudal-fin skeleton homologized with the teleostean caudal-fin skeleton. Abbreviations: aHS, autogenous haemal arch; aNS, autogenous neural arch; cc, cartilaginous connection; EP, epural; ha, haemal arch; hs, haemal spine; LHP, lower hypural plate; na, neural arch; neural spine; PH, parhypural; PU, preural centrum; UHP, upper hypural plate; UC, ural centrum; X, X-bone; Y, Y-bone.