Analysis of the emerging infectious diseases and the epidemic and epizootic risks for humans and animals

Analysis of priorities in infectious pathology of humans and animals in the last 60 years is carried out. It was concluded that humanity faced more and more new challenges in the aria of the infectious diseases. Achieving success in restricting and eradicating a dangerous infectious disease to humans or animals (Le peste bovine, Pox in humans) was followed by the emergence of new, and in most cases much more dangerous infections (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy – “Mad cow” disease, Specific immunodeficiency syndrome, Enteropathogenic O104:H4 E. coli, Acute respiratory syndrome – SARS, The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), Viral fever Ebola, Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1.
Other communicable diseases, despite the efforts to implement effective control periodically pose serious problems (Foot and mouth disease, Classical swine fever, Newcastle disease, Brucellosis in small ruminants), which is mainly due to unfavorable epizootic situation in Bulgaria's neighboring countries, especially in Turkey. There are several nosological units (African swine fever, Peste des petits ruminants (PPR)) that have never been registered in the country, but usually spread in the countries near to Bulgaria. The most difficult to control are the diseases with natural outbreaks - Rabies, Brucellosis, Trichinelossis, Tularemia, West Nile fever. There is a slight trend of deterioration of Bovine Tuberculosis. The Echinococcosis is the most serious problem in zoonotic diseases – more than half of the cases in Europe are in Bulgaria. In 2014 Bluetongue virus serotype 4 is widely spread in Bulgaria. Other global problems are microbial drug resistance (Tuberculosis and meticilin-resistent staphylococcus, nosocomial infections (E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Campylobacter).