Species richness and endemism of cave herpetofauna in Northern Mindanao, Philippines

The Philippines is a biodiversity-rich country with high percentage endemism of reptiles and amphibians. However, cave herpetofauna particularly in Mindanao, the country's second largest island, is poorly known. In this study, 19 caves in Mindanao were surveyed using the modified cruising method to document the herpetofaunal species present giving particular attention to endemic species. Nine species of herpetofauna (four amphibians and five reptiles) belonging to six families were recorded. The endemic Hylarana grandocula was the most abundant and widespread among the amphibian species while the endemic Cyrtodactylus annulatus was the most widely distributed reptile species. A 44 % endemicity was recorded. Kitaotao cave 5, which has suitable microhabitats, had the most species of herpetofauna. More reptilian species were found in a coastal cave. Assessment of more caves in Mindanao could increase the total number of herpetofaunal species. The presence of endemic species in caves indicates the need to protect these particular caves where the endemic species are found.