Parachrysogorgia Xu & Zhan & Xu 2023, gen. nov.
Creators
Description
Genus Parachrysogorgia gen. nov.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CCE87C37-7B4D-4670-86A0-5DB963FD0F8D
Diagnosis. Colony branching sympodial, arising from a single ascending spiral (counterclockwise, bottlebrush-shaped colony), two or more fans emerging from a short main stem (bi- or multi-flabellate colony). Axis with a metallic shine. Branch subdivided dichotomously or with branchlets forming a sympodium. Polyps relatively large and stout, with a bare, sclerite-free area at the base of each tentacle and eight distinct projections (acuminate or warty) beneath tentacles. Sclerites in the form of scales in polyp body wall, spindles/rods, and/or scales in tentacles.
Type species. Parachrysogorgia chryseis (Bayer & Stefani, 1988) comb. nov. (basionym: Chrysogorgia chryseis Bayer & Stefani, 1988).
Distribution. Currently known only from the Pacific and North Atlantic Oceans, 329–1937 m.
Species assigned. Thirteen species of Chrysogorgia are transferred to Parachrysogorgia. These are P. admete (Bayer & Stefani, 1988) comb. nov., P. antarctica (Cairns, 2002) comb. nov., P. binata (Xu, Li, Zhan & Xu, 2019) comb. nov., P. bracteata (Bayer & Stefani, 1988) comb. nov., P. calypso (Bayer & Stefani, 1988) comb. nov., P. chryseis (Bayer & Stefani, 1988) comb. nov., P. electra (Bayer & Stefani, 1988) comb. nov., P. expansa (Wright & Studer, 1889) comb. nov., P. octagonos (Versluys, 1902) comb. nov., P. scintillans (Bayer & Stefani, 1988) comb. nov., P. squamata (Verrill, 1883) comb. nov., P. stellata (Nutting, 1908) comb. nov., and P. versluysi (Kinoshita, 1913) comb. nov. Other species (e.g., C. intermedia Versluys, 1902, C. curvata Versluys, 1902) with incomplete descriptions need to be confirmed based on detail morphological examination as well as phylogenetic analyses.
Remarks. Untiedt et al. (2021) recognized nine distinct morphological groups of Chrysogorgia s.l. and hypothesized that each likely represents a distinct genus by using a concatenated UCE and exon loci dataset (Table 4). Our previous phylogenetic analysis based on mtMutS gene data showed that all the available species of Chrysogorgia were clustered into two Clades (I and II), and the genetic distances between Clades I and II (the main Chrysogorgia clade) were much higher than the intra-clade ones of Clade II (Xu et al. 2020a). The newly constructed mtMutS - COI gene and 28S rDNA trees further support the separation of the usual Chrysogorgia species from the new genus Parachrysogorgia (Figs. 1, 2). Parachrysogorgia is morphologically separated from Chrysogorgia by possessing a bare, sclerite-free area present at the base of each tentacle and eight distinct acuminate or warty projections beneath the tentacles. The two features can be easily observed under a bright microscope and are distinct under a scanning electronic microscope (SEM). Both the morphological and molecular data justify the establishment of the new genus.
Parachrysogorgia shares similar external morphology with certain species of Chrysogorgia in having a bottlebrush-shaped colony with a counterclockwise spiral, or bi- or multi-flabellate colony, while Chrysogorgia also contains species with a clockwise spiral, or a planar or tree-shaped colony.
Etymology. Composition of the Greek prefix para (similar to) and the generic name Chrysogorgia, referring to the similarity of the new genus with Chrysogorgia. Feminine gender.
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Chrysogorgiidae
- Genus
- Parachrysogorgia
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Alcyonacea
- Phylum
- Cnidaria
- Scientific name authorship
- Xu & Zhan & Xu
- Taxonomic status
- gen. nov.
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Taxonomic concept label
- Parachrysogorgia Xu, Zhan & Xu, 2023
References
- Bayer, F. M. & Stefani, J. (1988) A new species of Chrysogorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgonacea) from New Caledonia, with descriptions of some other species from the western Pacific. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 101, 257 - 279.
- Cairns, S. D. (2002) A new species of Chrysogorgia (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the Antarctic. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 115, 217 - 222.
- Xu, Y., Li, Y., Zhan, Z. & Xu, K. (2019) Morphology and phylogenetic analysis of two new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia, Chrysogorgiidae) from Kocebu Guyot (Magellan seamounts) in the Pacific Ocean. Zookeys, 881, 91 - 107. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 881.34759
- Wright, E. P. & Studer, T. (1889) Report on the Alcyonaria collected by H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76. Report on the Scientific Results of the Voyage of H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873 - 76, Zoology, 31 (64), 1 - 314.
- Versluys, J. (1902) Die Gorgoniden der Siboga-Expedition. 1. Die Chrysogorgiiden. Siboga-Expeditie, 13, 1 - 120.
- Verrill, A. E. (1883) Report on the Anthozoa, and on some additional species dredged by the " Blake " in 1877 - 1879, and by the U. S. Fish Commission steamer " Fish Hawk " in 1880 - 1882. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College, 11, 1 - 72.
- Nutting, C. C. (1908) Descriptions of the Alcyonaria collected by the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries steamer Albatross in the vicinity of the Hawaiian Islands in 1902. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 34, 543 - 601. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.34 - 1624.543
- Kinoshita, K. (1913) Studien uber einige Chrysogorgiiden Japans. Journal of the College of Science, Tokyo Imperial University, 33, 1 - 47.
- Untiedt, C. B., Quattrini, A. M., McFadden, C. S., Alderslade, P. A., Pante, E. & Burridge, C. P. (2021) Phylogenetic relationships within Chrysogorgia (Alcyonacea: Octocorallia), a morphologically diverse genus of octocoral, revealed using a target enrichment approach. Frontiers in Marine Science, 7, 599984. https: // doi. org / 10.3389 / fmars. 2020.599984
- Xu, Y., Zhan, Z. & Xu, K. (2020 a) Morphology and molecular phylogeny of three new deep-sea species of Chrysogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia) from seamounts in the tropical Western Pacific Ocean. PeerJ, 8, e 8832. https: // doi. org / 10.7717 / peerj. 8832