Is COVID-19 to Blame? Trends of Incidence and Sex Ratio in Youth-Onset Type 2 Diabetes in Germany

OBJECTIVE

We investigated the incidence of pediatric type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Germany during

2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic (2020–2021)

compared with the control period 2011–2019.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Data on T2D in children (aged 6 to <18 years) were obtained from the DPV (German

Diabetes Prospective Follow-up) Registry. Poisson regression was used to estimate

incidences for 2020 and 2021 based on data from 2011 to 2019, and these

were compared with observed incidences in 2020 and 2021 by estimating incidence

rate ratios (IRRs) with 95% CIs.

RESULTS

Incidence of youth-onset T2D increased from 0.75 per 100,000 patient-years (PYs) in

2011 (95% CI 0.58, 0.93) to 1.25 per 100,000 PYs in 2019 (95% CI 1.02, 1.48), an annual

increase of 6.8% (95% CI 4.1, 9.6). In 2020, T2D incidence increased to 1.49 per

100,000 PYs (95% CI 1.23, 1.81), which was not significantly higher than predicted

(IRR 1.15; 95% CI 0.90, 1.48). In 2021, the observed incidence was significantly higher

than expected (1.95; 95% CI 1.65, 2.31 vs. 1.38; 95% CI 1.13, 1.69 per 100,000 PYs; IRR

1.41; 95% CI 1.12, 1.77). Although there was no significant increase in incidence in

girls in 2021, the observed incidence in boys (2.16; 95% CI 1.73, 2.70 per 100,000 PYs)

significantly exceeded the predicted rate (IRR 1.55; 95% CI 1.14, 2.12), leading to a reversal

of the sex ratio of pediatric T2D incidence.

CONCLUSIONS

In Germany, incidence of pediatric T2D increased significantly in 2021. Adolescent

boys were more affected by this increase, resulting in a reversal of the sex

ratio of youth-onset T2D.