Crossaster Muller & Troschel 1840
Creators
Description
Crossaster Müller & Troschel, 1840a
Crossaster Müller & Troschel, 1840a: 103; 1840b: 318; Perrier 1875:272; Agassiz 1877: 98; Viguier 1879: 138; Bell 1881a: 140; Danielssen & Koren 1882: 51; Perrier 1896: 40; Fisher 1911: 389; Verrill 1914: 258; Fisher 1916: 447; Hayashi 1939: 297; 1940:186; Djakonov 1950: 71; H.E.S. Clark 1963: 55; Clark & Downey 1992: 296; McKnight 2006: 13.
Solaster (Polyaster) Gray 1840: 183.
Solaster (part) Fisher 1911: 389.
Diagnosis
Arms 8–15, disk broad. Abactinal skeleton openly reticulate with elongate paxillae, widely spaced. Spinelets pronounced and brush-like. Single series of marginals forming distinct periphery. Actinal plates confined to disk. (modified from Clark & Downey 1992)
Comments
Crossaster is a genus containing 10 species (Mah 2021) from cold-water and temperate water settings, including six species from Northern Hemisphere boreal habitats, one deep-sea species from the central Pacific and 3 species from high-latitude settings in the Southern Hemisphere. The North Pacific/North Atlantic species Crossaster papposus (Linnaeus, 1767) shows predatory habits with a wide range of prey, including gastropod and bivalve mollusks, cnidarians, and echinoderms (Jangoux 1982). Little is known regarding other Crossaster species although their feeding habits are likely comparable to those of Crossaster papposus.
Historically, three species of Crossaster are reported from Southern Hemisphere high-latitude settings, Crossaster penicillatus Sladen, 1889 from South Africa and adjacent southern Indian Ocean settings (A.M. Clark 1962) and two South Pacific species, Crossaster campbellicus McKnight, 1973 and Crossaster multispinus H.L. Clark, 1916, which is also reported from the Kermadec Islands, the Campbell Plateau, and southeastern Australia (McKnight 2006).
Herein, a further South Pacific species is described and another is synonymized.
Key to Crossaster species at High-Latitudes
(0) Abactinal paxillae, 20–40, inferomarginal paxillae each with 10–20 spines. Actinal plates bearing 10–15 spines.............................................................................................. Crossaster taitai n. sp.
(0) Abactinal paxillae, 2–18 (mostly 2–5), inferomarginal paxillae with spines 8–30. Actinal plates with 2–4 spines.......... (1)
(1) Subambulacral spines, 3–5 mostly 3–4. Superomarginals present, similar to abactinal paxillae and placed just above inferomarginals. Known only from New Zealand............................. Crossaster campbellicus McKnight, 1973
(1’) Subambulacral spines 5 to 8, mostly 7–8. Small ovoid superomarginals plates alternating with larger inferomarginals. Known from South Africa, Indian Ocean, Australia, New Zealand......................... Crossaster penicillatus Sladen, 1889
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Solasteridae
- Genus
- Crossaster
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Valvatida
- Phylum
- Echinodermata
- Scientific name authorship
- Muller & Troschel
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Taxonomic concept label
- Crossaster Muller, 1840 sec. Mah, 2023
References
- Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1840 a) [untitled]. Monatsberichte der Koniglichen Preussische Akademie des Wissenschaften zu Berlin, 1840, 100 - 106.
- Muller, J. & Troschel, F. H. (1840 b) Ueber die Gattungen der Asterien. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, 6, 318 - 326.
- Perrier, E. (1875) Revision de la Stellerides du Museum d'Historie Naturelle de Paris. Archives du Zoologie Experimentale et Generale, 4, 265 - 450.
- Agassiz, A. (1877) North American starfishes. Memoir of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, 5 (1), iv, 1 - 136, 20 pls., 20 figs.
- Viguier, C. (1879) Anatomie comparee du squelette des Stellerides. Archives de Zoologie Experimentale et generale, 7, 33 - 250.
- Bell, F. J. (1881 a) A note on the characters of the genus Crossaster with the description of a new species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, Series 5, 8 (44), 140 - 142. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222938109487428
- Danielssen, D. C. & Koren, J. (1882) Fra den norske Nordhavsexpedition, Echinodermer. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, 27, 267 - 299.
- Perrier, E. (1896) Contribution a l'etude des Stellerides de l'Atlantique Nord. Resultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco, 11, 1 - 57.
- Fisher, W. K. (1911) Asteroidea of the North Pacific and adjacent waters. 1. Phanerozonia and Spinulosida. Bulletin of the US National Museum, 76 (xiii), 1 - 420. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 03629236.76. i
- Verrill, A. E. (1914) Monograph of the shallow-water starfishes of the North Pacific coast from the Arctic Ocean to California. Harriman Alaska series: US National Museum, 14, 1 - 408. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 25926
- Fisher, W. K. (1916) Notes on the systematic position of certain genera and higher groups of starfishes. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 29, 1 - 6.
- Hayashi, R. (1939) Solasterids in Japanese waters. Journal of the Faculty of Science of Hokkaido Imperial University, Zoology, 6, 297 - 311.
- Hayashi, R. (1940) Contributions to the Classification of the sea-stars of Japan. I. Spinulosa. Journal of the Faculty of Imperial Science of Hokkaido University, 6 (7), 107 - 204.
- Djakonov, A. M. (1950) Morskie Zvezdy Morei SSSR T U, 34, 1 - 203. [translated as Dyakonov, A. M. (1968) s. n. In: Strelkov, A. A. (Ed.), Sea stars (Asteroids) of the USSR Seas. Keys to the Fauna of the USSR. Vol. 34. Zoological Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Israel Program for scientific translations Ltd., Jerusalem, pp. 1 - 183.]
- Clark, H. E. S. (1963) The Fauna of the Ross Sea. Part 3. Asteroidea. New Zealand Department of Scientific and Industrial Research Bulletin, 151, 1 - 84.
- Clark, A. M. & Downey, M. E. (1992) Starfishes of the Atlantic. Chapman and Hall, London, 794 pp.
- McKnight, D. G. (2006) The marine fauna of New Zealand, Echinodermata: Asteroidea (Sea- stars). 3. Orders Velatida, Spinulosida, Forcipulatida, Brisingida with addenda to Paxillosida, Valvatida. NIWA Biodiversity Memoir, 120, 1 - 187.
- Gray, J. E. (1840) XXXII. A synopsis of the genera and species of the class Hypostoma (Asterias, Linnaeus). Annals of the Magazine of Natural History, 6, 175 - 184 + 275 - 290. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03745484009443296
- Mah, C. L. (2021) World Asteroidea Database. Solasteridae Viguier, 1878. Available from: http: // www. marinespecies. org / asteroidea / aphia. php? p = taxdetails & id = 123143 (accessed 15 November 2022)
- Linnaeus, C. (1767) s. n. In: Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Vol. 1. Regnum Animale. 1 & 2. 12 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Holmiae [Stockholm], pp. 1 - 532 [1766] & pp. 533 - 1327 [1767].
- Jangoux, M. (1982) On Tremaster Verrill 1878, an odd genus of Recent starfish (Echinodermata: Asteroidea). In: Lawrence, J. M. (Ed.), Echinoderms, Proceedings of the International Echinoderm Conference, Tampa Bay 1981. AA Balkema, Rotterdam, pp. 155 - 163.
- Sladen, W. P. (1889) Asteroidea. Report of the Scientific Results of H. M. S. Challenger, 30, 1 - 893.
- Clark, A. M. (1962) Asteroidea. B. A. N. Z. Antarctic Research Expedition 1929 - 1931, B 9, 68 - 70.
- McKnight, D. G. (1973) Additions to the asteroid fauna of New Zealand: families Radiasteridae, Solasteridae, Pterasteridae, Asterinidae, Ganeriidae and Echinasteridae. NZOI Records, 2 (1), 1 - 15.
- Clark, H. L. (1916) Report on the sea-lilies, starfishes, brittle-stars and sea-urchins obtained by the F. I. S. Endeavour on the coasts of Queensland, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria, South Australia, and Western Australia. Biological Results of the Fishing experiments carried on by the F. I. S. Endeavour 1909 - 1914, 4 (1), 1 - 123. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 13854