Man-Animal Conflict: A Jumbo problem still unresolved

Human-animal conflict occurs when interactions between humans and wildlife result in undesirable outcomes such as loss of property, livelihood, or even life. Human-animal conflict is described by the World-Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) as "any interaction between humans and wildlife that results in negative impacts on human social, economic, or cultural life, on wildlife population conservation, or on the environment." These encounters cause misery for both humans and wildlife who are directly impacted by the conflict, but they can also have a worldwide influence, with organizations like corporations and sustainable development agencies feeling its aftereffects. The problem has a substantial and truly global scope, yet we are unable to solve it at the necessary scale. As a result of population development and changes in land usage, man- animal conflict have become more frequent in many areas in recent decades. Over the course of three years, elephants killed 1,579 people, including 585 in 2019–20, 461 in 2020–21, and 533 in 2021–22. The greatest fatalities (332) occurred in Odisha, followed by Jharkhand (291) and West Bengal (240). Between 2019 and 2021, 125 people were killed by the tigers in protected areas. Maharashtra accounted for nearly half of all deaths with 61.