The History of Education in Afghanistan: A Case Study of Afghanistan Hazaras minority

Afghanistan, known for its ancient history and
as a center of knowledge, has seen the rise of great
civilizations such as Arya, Bakhtar, and Khorasan.
Education in ancient Afghanistan was influenced by the
Vedic religion and later the Avestan civilization until the
arrival of Islam. Islam was introduced during the time of
Hazrat Uthman (Baiza 2013). Education is widely
recognized as a fundamental human right that plays a
crucial role in alleviating poverty, addressing inequality,
and fostering sustainable development.
Unfortunately, the Hazara community, has
historically been deprived of this right due to cultural,
linguistic, and religious differences with the dominant
Pashtun population. Hazaras have faced discrimination,
marginalization, and violent persecution throughout
Afghan history. They have been systematically denied
access to education, employment, and political
representation. The rule of Abdul Rahman witnessed mass
killings and the seizure of Hazara lands (Chiovenda 2018:
251-70). Despite some progress, the Hazara community
continues to face barriers in accessing quality education.
Hazara students also face discrimination and harassment
from peers and teachers who hold negative stereotypes.
Moreover, Hazaras have been subjected to targeted
attacks by terrorist groups like the Taliban and ISIS,
resulting in loss of life and injuries. A recent terrorist
attack at the Kaj educational center in western Kabul
caused significant casualties among Hazara students,
leading to widespread attention on social media with the
hashtag "#StopHazaraGenocide." Notwithstanding
challenges, Hazaras demonstrated their goodwill. They
actively participated in national processes, such as
elections, civil society strengthening, sports, and education,
showcasing their commitment to the new system.