Nemoura arctica Esben-Petersen 1910
Creators
- 1. Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity Studies, Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, Kentucky, 42101, USA Department of Biology and Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 84602, USA & scott. grubbs @ wku. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 2170 - 9716
- 2. richard _ baumann @ byu. edu; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 0838 - 4080
Description
1. Nemoura arctica Esben-Petersen, 1910
Arctic Forestfly
http://lsid.speciesfile.org/urn:lsid: Plecoptera.speciesfile.org:TaxonName:6232
(Figs. 1, 9–18)
Nemoura arctica Esben-Petersen 1910:85. Holotype male (Museum unknown), Karasjok, Norway
Nemoura trispinosa Claassen, 1923:289. Syn. Grubbs et al., 2018:48
Nemoura trispinosa: Needham & Claassen, 1925:213
Nemoura arctica: Claassen, 1940:50
Nemoura trispinosa: Claassen, 1940:64
Nemoura trispinosa: Frison, 1942:261
Nemoura trispinosa: Harden, 1942:322
Nemoura trispinosa: Ricker, 1944:177
Nemoura arctica: Koponen & Brinck, 1949:7
Nemoura trispinosa: Weber, 1950:175
Nemoura arctica: Brinck, 1952:107
Nemoura trispinosa: Harden & Mickel, 1952:19
Nemoura (Nemoura) arctica: Ricker, 1952:36
Nemoura arctica: Zhiltzova, 1964:187
Nemoura arctica: Illies, 1966:194
Nemoura trispinosa: Illies, 1966:214
Nemoura (Nemoura) arctica: Harper & Hynes, 1971:1133
Nemoura (Nemoura) trispinosa: Harper & Hynes, 1971:1133
Nemoura arctica: Lillehammer, 1972:163
Nemoura trispinosa: Lillehammer, 1972:163
Nemoura arctica: Zwick, 1973:332
Nemoura trispinosa: Zwick, 1973:342
Nemoura (Nemoura) trispinosa: Hitchcock, 1974:107
Nemoura arctica: Lillehammer, 1974:82
Nemoura arctica: Baumann, 1975:51, 64 (in part)
Nemoura trispinosa: Baumann, 1975:51
Nemoura arctica: Baumann et al., 1977:34
Nemoura arctica: Lillehammer, 1988:113
Nemoura trispinosa: Stewart & Stark, 1988:169
Nemoura trispinosa: Stewart & Stark, 2002:196
Nemoura arctica: Zhiltzova, 2003:266
Nemoura arctica: Kondratieff & Baumann, 2004:114
Nemoura arctica: Stewart & Oswood, 2006:78
Nemoura arctica: Boumans, 2011:286
Nemoura arctica: Judson & Nelson, 2012:33
Nemoura arctica: Grubbs et al., 2018:48
Distribution (Nearctic only). Canada: AB, BC, LB, MB, NB, NF, NS, NT, NU, ON, PE, PQ, SK, YK; USA: AK, IA, IL, ME, MI, MN, NH, NY, OH, PA, SD, WI, WV, WY (DeWalt et al. 2022)
Male. Macropterous. Body length 4.7–5.9 mm, forewing length 4.1–6.1 mm (n = 25). Gills absent. Cerci sclerotized laterally and modified, outer edge produced and terminates typically in a pair of appressed spines that vary in length and degree of tapering, plus an outer spine that is variable (Figs. 9–13). The outer spine is distally forked (Fig. 13) or not (Fig. 12). Populations further westward vary from the eastern Nearctic males. For example, males from South Dakota have an outer spine that is rectangular and crenulated distally (Grubbs et al. 2018, their fig. 5). Paraproct outer lobes straight anteriorly and slightly trilobed posteriorly. The base of the cerci fit between the anterior and medial lobe. Epiproct short and robust, recurved anteriorly over the terminal abdominal segments (Figs. 9–11); in lateral aspect, the basal cushion occupies the anterior ca. ½ and is separated from the dorsal sclerite by smooth lateral areas (Fig. 14). The lateral areas are recurved slightly over the distal medial portion of the basal cushion. The dorsal sclerite appears scaly at high magnifications, especially apically (Fig. 14). The dorsal sclerite is open apically, exposing parallel, broad, hatchet-like apical prongs of the ventral sclerite (Figs. 11, 15–16) and prominent, scaly, apical prongs positioned ca. perpendicular to the ridges (Figs. 15–16). The prongs terminate laterally bearing two short, thick, grooved spines (Figs. 15–16).
Female. Macropterous. Body length 5.4–7.4 mm, forewing length 4.6–7.6 mm (n = 23). Gills absent. The 7 th sternum is produced as a broadly-subtruncate to subtriangular subgenital plate that extends over minimally across ½ of the 8 th sternum (Figs. 17–18).
Larva. Described by Brinck (1949, 1952), Harden & Mickel (1952, as N. trispinosa), and Harper & Hynes (1971, as N. trispinosa). A partial illustration was also given in Frison (1942, as N. trispinosa) and Harper & Stewart (1996). Stewart & Stark (1988, 2002) provided a description and full habitus illustration as N. trispinosa.
Comments. Grubbs et al. (2018) recently provided evidence with scanning electron micrographs that Nearctic N. trispinosa is a junior synonym of Holarctic N. arctica. Nemoura arctica is distributed extensively at mid- to northern latitudes across the Northern Hemisphere (DeWalt et al. 2022).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Family
- Nemouridae
- Genus
- Nemoura
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Order
- Plecoptera
- Phylum
- Arthropoda
- Scientific name authorship
- Esben-Petersen
- Species
- arctica
- Taxon rank
- species
- Type status
- holotype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Nemoura arctica Esben-Petersen, 1910 sec. Grubbs & Baumann, 2023
References
- Esben-Petersen, P. (1910) Bidrag til en fortegnelse over arktisk. Norges Neuropterfauna. II. TromsO Museums Arshefter, 31 / 32, 75 - 89. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 121426 # page / 83 / mode / 1 up]
- Claassen, P. W. (1923) New species of North American Plecoptera, Part II. The Canadian Entomologist, 55, 281 - 292. [http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 27828489]
- Grubbs, S. A., Baumann, R. W. & Burton, D. K. (2018) Nearctic Nemoura trispinosa Claassen, 1923 and N. rickeri Jewett, 1971 are junior synonyms of Holarctic Nemoura species (Plecoptera: Nemouridae). Illiesia, 14, 44 - 64. [http: // illiesia. speciesfile. org / papers / Illiesia 14 - 3. pdf]
- Needham, J. G. & Claassen, P. W. (1925) A monograph of the Plecoptera or stoneflies of America north of Mexico. Thomas Say Foundation, Entomological Society of America Monograph, 2, 1 - 386. [http: // biodiversitylibrary. org / page / 6270959] https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6826
- Claassen, P. W. (1940) A catalogue of the Plecoptera of the world. Cornell University Experimental Station Memoir, 232, 1 - 235.
- Frison, T. H. (1942) Studies of North American Plecoptera with special reference to the fauna of Illinois. Illinois Natural History Survey Bulletin, 22, 235 - 355. [http: // hdl. handle. net / 2142 / 44844] https: // doi. org / 10.21900 / j. inhs. v 22.245
- Harden, P. H. (1942) The immature stages of some Minnesota Plecoptera. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 35, 318 - 331. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 35.3.318
- Ricker, W. E. (1944) Some Plecoptera from the far north. Canadian Entomologist, 76, 174 - 185. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 76174 - 9
- Koponen, J. S. & Brinck, P. (1949) Neue oder wenig bekannte Plecoptera. Annales Entomologici Fennicae, 15, 1 - 21.
- Weber, N. A. (1950) A survey of the insects and related arthropods of Arctic Alaska, Part I. Transactions of the American Entomological Society, 76, 147 - 206. [http: // www. jstor. org / stable / 25077616]
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- Ricker, W. E. (1952) Systematic Studies in Plecoptera. Indiana University Publications Series, 18, 1 - 200. [http: // www. nativefishlab. net / library / textpdf / 16861. pdf]
- Zhiltzova, L. A. (1964) Order Plecoptera (Stoneflies). In: Bei-Bienko, G. Ya. (Ed.), Opredelitel' nasekomykh Evropeiskoi chasti SSSR (Identification Guide to Insects of the European Part of the USSR). Moscow, Leningrad, pp. 177 - 200.
- Illies, J. (1966) Katalog der rezenten Plecoptera. Das Tierreich. 82. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 631 pp.
- Harper, P. P. & Hynes, H. B. N. (1971) The nymphs of Nemouridae of eastern Canada (Insecta: Plecoptera). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 49, 1129 - 1142. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / z 71 - 173
- Lillehammer, A. (1972) A new species of the genus Nemoura (Plecoptera) from Finnmark, North Norway. Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 19, 161 - 163. [http: // www. entomologi. no / journals / nje / old / V 19 / NET _ 19 _ 02 _ 1972. pdf]
- Zwick, P. (1973) Insecta: Plecoptera. Phylogenetisches System und Katalog. Das Tierreich 94. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 465 pp.
- Hitchcock, S. W. (1974) Guide to the insects of Connecticut. Part VII. The Plecoptera or stoneflies of Connecticut. State Geological Natural History Survey of Connecticut, 107, 1 - 262.
- Lillehammer, A. (1974) Norwegian stoneflies. I. Analysis of the variations in morphological and structural characters used in taxonomy. Norsk Entomologisk Tidsskrift, 21, 59 - 107. [http: // www. entomologi. no / journals / nje / old / V 21 / NET _ 21 _ 01 _ 1974. pdf]
- Baumann, R. W. (1975) Revision of the stonefly family Nemouridae (Plecoptera): A study of the world fauna at the generic level. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 211, 1 - 74. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.211
- Baumann, R. W., Gaufin, A. R. & Surdick, R. F. (1977) The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of the Rocky Mountains. Memoirs of the American Entomological Society, 31, 1 - 207. [https: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 118985 # page / 221 / mode / 1 up]
- Lillehammer, A. (1988) Stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica. Volume 21. E. J. Brill / Scandinavian Science Press, New York, New York, 165 pp.
- Stewart, K. W. & Stark, B. P. (1988) Nymphs of North American stonefly genera (Plecoptera). Entomological Society of America. Thomas Say Foundation, Entomological Society of America Monographs, 12, 1 - 460. https: // doi. org / 10.4182 / GGDW 2452
- Stewart, K. W. & Stark, B. P. (2002) Nymphs of North American Stonefly Genera (Plecoptera). Second Edition. The Caddis Press. Columbus, Ohio, xii + 510 pp.
- Zhiltzova, L. A. (2003) Fauna of Russia and Neighboring Countries. Vol. 1. Issue 1. Insecta Plecoptera, Plecoptera Gruppe Euoholognatha. NAUKA, St. Petersburg, 537 pp.
- Kondratieff, B. C. & Baumann, R. W. (2004) A record of the Arctic Forestfly, Nemoura arctica (Plecoptera: Nemouridae), from the contiguous United States. Entomological News, 115, 113 - 115. [http: // www. biodiversitylibrary. org / item / 20616 # page / 125 / mode / 1 up]
- Stewart, K. W. & Oswood, M. W. (2006) The stoneflies (Plecoptera) of Alaska and western Canada. Caddis Press, Columbus, Ohio, 325 pp.
- Boumans, L. (2011) The Plecoptera collection at the Natural History Museum in Oslo. Illiesia, 7, 280 - 290. [http: // illiesia. speciesfile. org / papers / Illiesia 07 - 25. pdf]
- Judson, S. W. & Nelson, C. R. (2012) A guide to Mongolian stoneflies (Insecta: Plecoptera). Zootaxa, 3541 (1), 1 - 118. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3541.1.1
- DeWalt, R. E., Maehr, M. D., Hopkins, H. P., Neu-Becker, U. & Stueber, G. (2022) Plecoptera Species File Online. Version 5.0 / 5.0. Available from: http: // Plecoptera. SpeciesFile. org (accessed 3 July 2022)
- Brinck, P. (1949) Studies on Swedish stoneflies, Plecoptera. Opuscula Entomologica Supplement, 11, 1 - 250.
- Harper, P. P. & Stewart, K. W. (1996) Plecoptera. In Merritt, R. W. & Cummins, K. W. (Eds.), An Introduction to the Aquatic Insects of North America. 3 rd Edition. Kendall-Hunt, Dubuque, Iowa, pp. 217 - 261.