A change in development from the bottom up, from simplicity to complexity (in the example of railway transport)

ANNOTATION

In the article, the demand to change steam locomotives to diesel locomotives and, in turn, diesel locomotives to a new form of transport, is on the agenda, because the economic efficiency of diesel locomotives, which were once a novelty, has been decreasing year by year. It has been analyzed that such situations require the modernization of railway transport, and one of the works in this direction is to start using electric locomotives instead of diesel locomotives.

Key words: creativity, steam locomotives, diesel locomotives, electric locomotives, modernization.

В статье на повестку дня поставлено требование смены паровозов на тепловозы и, в свою очередь, тепловозов на новый вид транспорта, так как экономическая эффективность тепловозов, бывших когда-то новинкой, с каждым годом снижается. по годам. Проанализировано, что такие ситуации требуют модернизации железнодорожного транспорта, и одной из работ в этом направлении является переход на использование электровозов вместо тепловозов.    

Ключевые слова: творчество, паровозы, тепловозы, электровозы, модернизация.

Мақолада темир йўл транспортида паравозлардан тепловозларга ва  ўз навбатида тепловозларни ҳам янги бир транспорт шаклига алмаштириш талабини кун тартибига қўйганлиги, чунки, бир вақтлар янгилик бўлган тепловозларнинг иқтисодий самарадорлиги йилдан-йилга тушиб борди.  Бундай  ҳолатлар эса ўз-ўзидан темир йўл транспортида модернизация ишлари олиб борилишини тақозо қилиши ва шу йўналишдаги ишлардан бири тепловозлар ўрнига электровозларни қўйила бошланиши заруратга айланиши таҳлил этилган. 

Калит сўзлар: креативлик, паравозлар, тепловозлар, электровозлар, модернизация.

NTRODUCTION

The attribute of creativity applies to all phenomena that are the product of human thinking. This concept, which gives the meaning of creative, creative approach, creator and creativity, also applies to types of transport[1]. It is known that each type of transport has its "plus" and "minus" sides. If it is superior to each other in some aspects, it can be weak in other aspects. If one type of transport is important in a certain situation, another type of transport may take priority in the next situation. So, it is not correct to prefer one type of transport over another. Each type of transport has its own importance in social reality. Including railway transport[2]. However, "Means of transport, for example, railway transport, when engaged in the delivery of only one product, would not be economically efficient. Therefore, vehicles are used in different directions for different purposes. It follows that railway transport cannot be developed only by transporting passengers or the same product. On the other hand, there are many possibilities for the delivery of goods in railway transport.

DISCUSSION AND RESULTS

If we dwell on the period of the appearance of railway transport, this period corresponds to the beginning of the 1800s, the XIX century, which was the age of great discoveries in the fields of technology and transport in the history of mankind[3]. To be more precise, it has been 200 years since mankind started using this type of transport. It should be recognized that during the past two centuries, railway transport has gained its rightful place in the economic system of countries. Currently, "The total length of railways in the world is approximately 1.2 million kilometers, and the USA, China, Russia, India, and Canada are leaders in this regard." It is worth mentioning that the process of finding a place for railways as a new type of transport was relatively faster. Railway transport, which first appeared in the 1820s, became the most famous and popular form of transport in the world at that time in 20-30 years, which is too short for history. There must have been a number of reasons for this. They were[4]:

•   in those periods, only carts, carriages, carts, carts with horses and horses moved in mass on land;
•   railways and the steam trains and wagons running on them were a great innovation for those times;
•   with its human transportation, cargo transportation, speed, non-stop, ability to move over long distances and other possibilities, the railway transport had a great advantage over horse-drawn wheeled carts;
•   at that time, motor vehicles moving on land were discovered, but they were not yet perfected and popularized;
•   at that time there was no air transport that could compete with railway transport;
•   the states - fully supported the development of railway transport, which was considered beneficial from both social, economic, political, cultural and other aspects;
•   Railway transport has a huge advantage over other means of transport both then and now. This advantage is its ability to move in spite of snow, rain and generally unfavorable weather conditions;
•   railway transport has the capacity to transport heavier and larger loads than other modes of transport;
•   Relatively low prices for freight transported by railway and the positive effect of this on the cost of products of manufacturers.

The important advantages of railway transport, which we have listed above, were the basis for the development of the industry in a very short time[5]. By the beginning of the twentieth century, railway transport had become the main mode of transport in the world. It was not for nothing that V. I. Lenin said that "Railways are the blood vessels of the country's economy." After all, by this time, steel tracks had penetrated into many countries of the world, where steam locomotives operated as locomotives for freight and passenger cars. By the way, if we think about steam trains[6]. The term "parovoz" is based on the Russian words "par" - "steam" and "vozit" - "carriage". In the history of mankind, "In 1814, the English designer and inventor George Stephenson created the first steam engine. When the steam locomotive was tested on the railway track, it traveled at a speed of 10 km per hour, pulling 8 wagons... In 1825, George Stephenson managed to build the first railway between two cities. 1825 is indicated as the date of appearance of the first railway transport in many literatures. But as can be seen from the above quote, on this date, a railway was built between the two cities and railway traffic was started[7]. Therefore, in our eyes, the date of 1825 is to establish a long-distance railway connection It would be correct to say that this type of transport has started to be used in a mass form, as a team. It would be appropriate to indicate the year 1814 as the date of the discovery of the first railway transport and the construction of the railway. Because on this date, together with the steam locomotive, the railway and the wagons that run on them were discovered. These three things: locomotives, wagons and railways are the important elements that form the basis of railway transport. When it comes to railway transport, these three things are first of all embodied in the imagination of many people. Without these, railway transport cannot exist[8]. Of course, the content of some of them may have changed. For example, steam locomotives pulling wagons were later replaced by locomotives. Over the years, diesel locomotives are giving way to electric locomotives. After all, the consequences of gradual development require this. Everything - phenomena changes and develops from simple to complex, from bottom to top. This is the law of development. It cannot be changed or stopped.

In 1890, another type of electric transport was founded in London, the capital of Great Britain. In the same year, the first underground electric train in the city of London consisted of 16 electric cars. This electric train is the first metro transport on earth, and it has been further improved and developed over the years. Nowadays, it has become a convenient, cheap, safe and certainly fast means of transport. It is worth mentioning that the metro is a public transport. That is, the subway is designed only for passenger transportation, and is now the main means of public transportation in many countries[9].

In the development of railway transport, steam locomotives have been used for 100 years as locomotives pulling wagons. Steam locomotives can also be called steam engines. In this sense, steam engines are one of the types of transport that have been used for the longest time in railway transport. In order to move the locomotives, the drivers and their assistants were required to keep fire at the stove. Steam locomotives were required to carry tons of coal and firewood. For this, a lot of effort and work was spent. That's why drivers at that time were required to be physically fit as well as to understand the technique. The laws of progress had a limit to the use of steam locomotives, of course[10]. This border was the beginning of the 20th century. By this time, steam locomotives were replaced by cars with an internal combustion engine running on diesel fuel, new locomotives - steam locomotives. "The first locomotives were tested in Germany in 1912. In 1922, the Russian engineer A.N. Shelest created the design of the mechanical transmission of the locomotive (but his idea was realized in Sweden in 1950). Ya in the USSR. M. In 1924, the world's first mainline locomotive of the Gakkel design was created. Later, the locomotive construction was improved.[11]"

CONCLUSION

The period also put the demand to replace diesel locomotives with a new form of transport on the agenda. Because the economic efficiency of locomotives, which were once a novelty, decreased year by year. One of the main reasons for this was the increase in the price of diesel fuel, which drives locomotives, and the increase in the price of other fuels and lubricants. These and other reasons led to a constant increase in the prices set for the services provided in railway transport. Such negative situations would automatically make it possible for customers to abandon railway transport and choose the services of other types of transport. In order to improve the situation and save customers, a number of modernization works were also carried out in railway transport. One of the works in this direction was the beginning of replacing diesel locomotives with electric locomotives.

REFERENCES

1. Салимов Б.Л. Ижтимоий муносабатларнинг коммуникация ва транспорт тизими билан детерминистик боғлиқлигининг гносеологик таҳлили. Фалсафа фанлари доктори диссертацияси. Ўзбекистон Миллий университети. Тошкент. 2022, 224 б.
2. Salimov Baxriddin Lutfullaevich. The philosophical role of dialectical categories in human life.  Oriental Renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences.  Volume: 1, lssue 6,  2021. -Р.406-410.
3.  Бахриддин Лутфуллаевич Салимов (2022) ЎЗБЕКИСТОН ТАРАҚҚИЁТИДА КОММУНИКАЦИЯ ВА ТРАНСПОРТ ТИЗИМИНИНГ ЎРНИ. Academic research in educational sciences, 3 (TSTU Conference 1), 403-407.
4. Салимов. Б. Л., Қурбонов, Р., Ҳимматов.Ж.О. (2022). ТЕМИР ЙЎЛ ТРАНСПОРТИНИНГ ИНКОРНИ ИНКОР ДИАЛЕКТИК ҚОНУНИЯТИ АСОСИДАГИ ТАРАҚҚИЁТИ. Журнал интегрированного образования и исследований , 1 (6), 35–39.
5. Салимов.Б.Л. ., Бобожонов.О.,  Рўзимбоев.Ж. (2022). ЎЗБЕКИСТОНГА ТЕМИР ЙЎЛ КИРИБ КЕЛИШИНИНГ ИЖТИМОИЙ – ФАЛСАФИЙ АСОСЛАРИ. Журнал интегрированного образования и исследований , 1 (6), 153–158.

[1] Салимов. Б. Л., Қурбонов, Р., Ҳимматов.Ж.О. (2022). ТЕМИР ЙЎЛ ТРАНСПОРТИНИНГ ИНКОРНИ ИНКОР ДИАЛЕКТИК ҚОНУНИЯТИ АСОСИДАГИ ТАРАҚҚИЁТИ. Журнал интегрированного образования и исследований , 1 (6), 35–39.

[2] Салимов.Б.Л. ., Бобожонов.О.,  Рўзимбоев.Ж. (2022). ЎЗБЕКИСТОНГА ТЕМИР ЙЎЛ КИРИБ КЕЛИШИНИНГ ИЖТИМОИЙ – ФАЛСАФИЙ АСОСЛАРИ. Журнал интегрированного образования и исследований , 1 (6), 153–158.

[3] Бахриддин Лутфуллаевич Салимов (2022) ЎЗБЕКИСТОН ТАРАҚҚИЁТИДА КОММУНИКАЦИЯ ВА ТРАНСПОРТ ТИЗИМИНИНГ ЎРНИ. Academic research in educational sciences, 3 (TSTU Conference 1), 403-407.

[4] Салимов. Б. Л., Қурбонов, Р., Ҳимматов.Ж.О. (2022). ТЕМИР ЙЎЛ ТРАНСПОРТИНИНГ ИНКОРНИ ИНКОР ДИАЛЕКТИК ҚОНУНИЯТИ АСОСИДАГИ ТАРАҚҚИЁТИ. Журнал интегрированного образования и исследований , 1 (6), 35–39.

[5]Салимов. Б. Л., Қурбонов, Р., Ҳимматов.Ж.О. (2022). ТЕМИР ЙЎЛ ТРАНСПОРТИНИНГ ИНКОРНИ ИНКОР ДИАЛЕКТИК ҚОНУНИЯТИ АСОСИДАГИ ТАРАҚҚИЁТИ. Журнал интегрированного образования и исследований , 1 (6), 35–39.

[6] Бахриддин Лутфуллаевич Салимов (2022) ЎЗБЕКИСТОН ТАРАҚҚИЁТИДА КОММУНИКАЦИЯ ВА ТРАНСПОРТ ТИЗИМИНИНГ ЎРНИ. Academic research in educational sciences, 3 (TSTU Conference 1), 403-407

[7]Салимов. Б. Л., Қурбонов, Р., Ҳимматов.Ж.О. (2022). ТЕМИР ЙЎЛ ТРАНСПОРТИНИНГ ИНКОРНИ ИНКОР ДИАЛЕКТИК ҚОНУНИЯТИ АСОСИДАГИ ТАРАҚҚИЁТИ. Журнал интегрированного образования и исследований , 1 (6), 35–39.

[8] Салимов Б.Л. Ижтимоий муносабатларнинг коммуникация ва транспорт тизими билан детерминистик боғлиқлигининг гносеологик таҳлили. Фалсафа фанлари доктори диссертацияси. Ўзбекистон Миллий университети. Тошкент. 2022, 224 б.

[9] Салимов. Б. Л., Қурбонов, Р., Ҳимматов.Ж.О. (2022). ТЕМИР ЙЎЛ ТРАНСПОРТИНИНГ ИНКОРНИ ИНКОР ДИАЛЕКТИК ҚОНУНИЯТИ АСОСИДАГИ ТАРАҚҚИЁТИ. Журнал интегрированного образования и исследований , 1 (6), 35–39.

[10] Салимов.Б.Л. ., Бобожонов.О.,  Рўзимбоев.Ж. (2022). ЎЗБЕКИСТОНГА ТЕМИР ЙЎЛ КИРИБ КЕЛИШИНИНГ ИЖТИМОИЙ – ФАЛСАФИЙ АСОСЛАРИ. Журнал интегрированного образования и исследований , 1 (6), 153–158.

[11] Салимов. Б. Л., Қурбонов, Р., Ҳимматов.Ж.О. (2022). ТЕМИР ЙЎЛ ТРАНСПОРТИНИНГ ИНКОРНИ ИНКОР ДИАЛЕКТИК ҚОНУНИЯТИ АСОСИДАГИ ТАРАҚҚИЁТИ. Журнал интегрированного образования и исследований , 1 (6), 35–39.