WATER POLLUTION AND MANAGEMENT

Water is a cyclical resource that is widely available worldwide. Aquifers, reservoirs, lakes, rivers, seas, and groundwater are all examples of bodies of water. India makes up around 2.45% of the world's surface area, 4% of the water resources, and roughly 16% of the world's population. Surface water comes from four main sources. These include tanks, ponds, lakes, and rivers. About 10,360 rivers and their tributaries with an average length of 1.6 km exist in the nation. India's river basins collectively have an estimated mean annual flow of 1,869 cubic km. Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan, and Tamil Nadu are states that use a lot of groundwater. But certain States, including Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Kerala, and others, only use a small percentage of their groundwater potential. State ground water resources are being used moderately by states like Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Tripura, and Maharashtra. Historically, India has had an agrarian economy, with around two thirds of its people relying on agriculture. Water is mostly used for irrigation in agriculture. Due to the country's rainfall's spatiotemporal fluctuation, irrigation is required. Water is necessary for human civilization, living things, and the environment. It generates electricity for household, commercial, industrial, and agricultural usage as well as for drinking, cleaning, agriculture, transportation, industry, recreation, and animal husbandry.