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Published August 8, 2022 | Version v1
Journal article Open

Photobiomodulation and photodynamic therapy-induced switching of autophagy and apoptosis in human dermal fibroblasts

  • 1. Department of Biophysics, Institute of Physics, Faculty of Science, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
  • 2. Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P.J. Safarik University in Kosice, Jesenna 5, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
  • 3. Laboratory for Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Institute of Physics, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, Building CH, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland

Contributors

Contact person:

  • 1. Center for Interdisciplinary Biosciences, Technology and Innovation Park, P. J. Šafárik University in Košice, Jesenná 5, 04011 Kosice, Slovakia

Description

Nowadays, photobiomodulation (PBM) in combination with chemotherapy or other therapeutic approaches is an attractive adjuvant modality for cancer treatment. Targeted destruction of cancer cells is one of the main advantages of photodynamic therapy (PDT). We have shown in previous studies that the combination of PBM at 808 nm and hypericin-mediated PDT increases PDT efficacy in human glioblastoma cells U87 MG. The study presented here shows significant differences between U87 MG and non-cancerous human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cells treated by PBM and PDT. This study focuses on mitochondria because PBM mainly affects these organelles. We demonstrated that an interplay between mitochondrial and autophagic proteins plays a crucial role in the response of HDF cells to PBM and PDT. Fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and Western blot analysis were used to examine the autophagic profile of HDF cells after these treatments. An increase in ubiquitin, SQSTM1, LC3BII, and cytochrome c was accompanied by a decrease in M6PR, ATG16L1, and Opa1 in HDF cells exposed to PBM and PDT. Overall, we observed that the switching of autophagy and apoptosis is dose-dependent and also occurs independently of PBM in HDF cells after hypericin-mediated PDT. However, PBM might preferentially induce autophagy in noncancer cells, which might escape apoptosis under certain conditions.

Notes

CC BY-NC-ND license Ministry of Education, Science, Research and Sport of the Slovak Republic under grant numbers VEGA 1/0156/18 and VEGA 1/0421/18, by the Slovak Research and Development Agency through the project APVV-20-0340, the Swiss National Science Foundation (project 315230 185262/1). This publication is also the result of the project implementation: Open Scientific Community for Modern Interdisciplinary Research in Medicine (acronym: OPENMED), ITMS2014+: 313011V455, supported by the Operational Programme Integrated Infrastructure, funded by ERDF.

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Funding

CasProt – Fostering high scientific quality in protein research in Eastern Slovakia 952333
European Commission