Biodiversity Literature Repository
Published March 14, 2023 | Version v1
Journal article Open

New Fossil Giant Panda Relatives (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae): A Basal Lineage of Gigantic Mio-Pliocene Cursorial Carnivores

Creators

Description

Jiangzuo, Qigao, Flynn, John J., Wang, Shiqi, Hou, Sukuan, Deng, Tao (2023): New Fossil Giant Panda Relatives (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae): A Basal Lineage of Gigantic Mio-Pliocene Cursorial Carnivores. American Museum Novitates 2023 (3996): 1-72, DOI: 10.1206/3996.1, URL: https://bioone.org/journals/american-museum-novitates/volume-2023/issue-3996/3996.1/New-Fossil-Giant-Panda-Relatives-Ailuropodinae-Ursidae--A-Basal/10.1206/3996.1.full

Files

source.pdf

Files (132.7 MB)

Name Size Download all
md5:c34ad0d6b4f4c29b25ccb70d24da70ab
132.7 MB Preview Download

Linked records

Additional details

Identifiers

LSID
urn:lsid:plazi.org:pub:C34AFFD6FFF4FF9BFFCCB70DFFDAFFAB
URL
http://publication.plazi.org/id/C34AFFD6FFF4FF9BFFCCB70DFFDAFFAB

Has part
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.8006202 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F7387AEFFF3FF9CFDEFB6F7FBF8F9BD (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: 10.5281/zenodo.8006316 (DOI)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F7387AEFFF3FF91FE09B157FD73FBA0 (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F7387AEFFFEFFBBFE1FB357FB45FA6D (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F7387AEFFD4FFBEFDDCB104FC8CF97F (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F7387AEFFD2FFB3FED2B6B9FCC1F97A (URL)
Taxonomic treatment: http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F7387AEFFDEFFB7FE2EB2D4FDE9F97A (URL)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006212 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006214 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006216 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006218 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006223 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006225 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006227 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006229 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006233 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006235 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006237 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006239 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006241 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006243 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006245 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006247 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006249 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006251 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006253 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006255 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006257 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006259 (DOI)
Figure: 10.5281/zenodo.8006261 (DOI)

References

  • Abella, J., and A. Valenciano. 2017. Indarctos arctoides: los ancestros de los grandes osos Panda. In L. Palop Fernandez (ed.), La colina de los Tigres Dientes de Sable: los yacimientos miocenos del Cerro de los Batallones (Torrejon de Velasco, Comunidad de Madrid): 303-316. Madrid: Obra Social La Caixa.
  • Abella, J., et al. 2012. Kretzoiarctos gen. nov., the oldest member of the giant panda clade. PLoS One 7: e48985.
  • Abella, J., P. Montoya, and J. Morales. 2014. Paleodiversity of the superfamily Ursoidea (Carnivora, Mammalia) in the Spanish Neogene, related to environmental changes. Journal of Iberian Geology 40: 11-18.
  • Abella, J., et al. 2019. The last record of an ailuropod bear from the Iberian Peninsula. Geodiversitas 41: 797-809.
  • Albright, L.B.I. 2000. Biostratigraphy and vertebrate paleontology of the San Timoteo Badlands, southern California. Berkeley: University of California Press.
  • Andersson, K. 2004. Elbow-joint morphology as a guide to forearm function and foraging behaviour in mammalian carnivores. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 142: 91-104.
  • Anton, M., M.J. Salesa, and G. Siliceo 2013. Machairodont adaptations and affinities of the Holarctic late Miocene homotherin Machairodus (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae): the case of Machairodus catocopis Cope, 1887. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 33: 1202-1213.
  • Baryshnikov, G.F. 2002. Late Miocene Indarctos punjabiensis atticus (Carnivora, Ursidae) in Ukraine with survey of Indarctos records from the former USSR. Russian Journal of Theriology: 83-89.
  • Baryshnikov, G. 2007. Fauna of Russia and neighbouring countries. Mammals. Ursidae. Saint Petersburg: Nauka.
  • Cerling, T.E., et al. 1997. Global vegetation change through the Miocene/Pliocene boundary. Nature 389: 153-158.
  • Christiansen, P., 1999. What size were Arctodus simus and Ursus spelaeus (Carnivora: Ursidae)? Annales Zoologici Fennici 36: 93-102.
  • Colbert, E.H., 1935. Siwalik mammals in the American Museum of Natural History. American Philosophical Society 26: 1-401.
  • Crusafont Pairo, M., and B. Kurte. 1976. Bears and bear-dogs from the Vallesian of the Valles-Penedes basin, Spain. Acta Zoologica Fennica 144: 1-30.
  • Dalquest, W.W. 1969. Pliocene carnivores of the Coffee Ranch (type Hemphill) Local Fauna. Bulletin of the Texas Memorial Museum 15: 1-44.
  • Dalquest, W.W. 1986. Lower jaw and dentition of the Hemphillian bear, Agriotherium (Ursidae), with the description of a new species. Journal of Mammalogy 67: 623-631.
  • Davis, D.D. 1964. The giant panda: a morphological study of evolutionary mechanisms. Fieldiana, Zoology Memoirs 3: 1-338.
  • Day, L.M., and B.C. Jayne. 2007. Interspecific scaling of the morphology and posture of the limbs during the locomotion of cats (Felidae). Journal of Experimental Biology 210: 642-654.
  • de Bonis, L., J. Abella, G. Merceron, and D.R. Begun. 2017. A new late Miocene ailuropodine (giant panda) from Rudabanya (north-central Hungary). Geobios 50: 413-421.
  • de Oliveira, A.M., and C.M.D. Santos. 2018. Functional morphology and paleoecology of Pilosa (Xenarthra, Mammalia) based on a two-dimensional geometric morphometrics study of the humerus. Journal of Morphology 279: 1455-1467.
  • Deng, T., 2004. Evolution of the Late Cenozoic Mammalian faunas in the Linxia Basin and its background relevant to the uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang plateau. Quaternary Sciences 4: 413-420.
  • Deng, T., Z.X. Qiu, B.Y. Wang, X.M. Wang, and S.K. Hou. 2013. Late Cenozoic biostratigraphy of the Linxia Basin, northwestern China. In X. Wang, L.J. Flynn, and M Fortelius, (eds.), Fossil mammals of Asia: 243-273. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Domingo, M.S., et al. 2016. Feeding ecology and habitat preferences of top predators from two Miocene carnivore-rich assemblages. Paleobiology 42: 489-507.
  • Evans, H.E., and A. de Lahunta. 2013. Miller's anatomy of the dog, 4th ed. St. Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences.
  • Everhart, M.J., and R.A. Hawkins. 2020. A giant bear mandible (Agriotherium schneideri Sellards 1916) from Sedgwick County, Kansas. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science 123: 191-202.
  • Flower, W.H. 1877. Note on the occurrence of the remains of Hyaenarctos in the Red Crag of Suffolk. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society 33: 534-536.
  • Frick, C. 1921. Extinct vertebrate faunas of the badlands of Bautista Creek and San Timoteo Canon, southern California. Berkeley: University of California Press. [Mt. Eden fauna: 277-242]
  • Frick, C. 1926. The Hemicyoninae and an American Tertiary bear. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 56: 1883-1965.
  • Gao, Y. 1987. Fauna Sinica. Mammalia, vol. 8: Carnivora. Beijing: Science Press.
  • Ginsburg, L., and J. Morales. 1998. Les Hemicyoninae (Ursidae, Carnivora, Mammalia) et les formes apparentees du Miocene inferieur et moyen d'Europe occidentale. Annales de Paleontologie 84: 71-123.
  • Goloboff, P.A., and S.A. Catalano. 2016. TNT version 1.5, including a full implementation of phylogenetic morphometrics. Cladistics 32: 221-238.
  • Goloboff, P.A., J.S. Farris, and K.C. Nixon. 2008. TNT, a free program for phylogenetic analysis. Cladistics 24: 774-786.
  • Goloboff, P.A., A. Torres, and J.S. Arias. 2018. Weighted parsimony outperforms other methods of phylogenetic inference under models appropriate for morphology. Cladistics 34: 407-437.
  • Harrison, J.A. 1983. Carnivora of the Edson Local Fauna (Late Hemphillian), Kansas. Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology 54: 1-42.
  • Hendey, Q.B. 1972. A Pliocene ursid from South Africa. Annals of the South African Museum 59: 115-132.
  • Hendey, Q.B. 1980. Agriotherium (Mammalia, Ursidae) from Langebaanweg, South Africa, and relationships of the genus. Annals of the South African Museum 81: 1-108.
  • Hunt , R.M.J. 1998. Ursidae. In C.M. Janis, K.M. Scott, and L.L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America: terrestrial carnivores, ungulates, and ungulatelike mammals: 174-195. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Jiangzuo, Q., and J.J. Flynn. 2019. A new species of Agriotherium from North America, and implications for understanding transformations in the metaconid-entoconid complex of bears. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 27: 775-787.
  • Jiangzuo, Q., and R.C. Hulbert. 2021. Coexistence of Indarctos and Amphimachairodus (Carnivora) in the late Early Hemphillian of Florida, North America. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 28: 707- 728.
  • Jiangzuo, Q., et al. 2018. Presence of the Middle Pleistocene cave bears in China confirmed - evidence from Zhoukoudian area. Quaternary Science Reviews 199: 1-17.
  • Jiangzuo, Q., J. Liu, and J. Chen. 2019. Morphological homology, evolution and proposed nomenclature for bear dentition. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 64: 693-710.
  • Jiangzuo, Q., C. Yu, and J.J. Flynn. 2021. Indarctos and other Caniformia fossils of G.E. Lewis' YPM collection from the Siwaliks. Historical Biology 33: 543-557.
  • Kurten, B. 1966. Pleistocene bears of North America. 1. Genus Tremarctos, spectacled bears. Acta Zoologica Fennica 115: 1-120.
  • Kurten, B. 1967. Pleistocene bears of North America: 2 genus Arctodus, short faced bears. Acta Zoologica Fennica 117: 1-60.
  • Li, H., J.B. Jia, C. Jiang, and Y. Cui. 2006. Occasional choice of food of the giant panda. Journal of Heilongjiang Vocational Institute of Ecological Engineering: 14-15.
  • Lydekker, R. 1884. Indian Tertiary and post-Tertiary vertebrata. Part VI. Siwalik and Narbada Carnivora. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of India, Palaeontologia Indica (series 10) 2: 178-351.
  • Martin, J.E. 2013. A late occurrence of the bear Agriotherium from the Blancan ringold formation in southeastern Washington. Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science 92: 123-126.
  • Martin, L.D. 1998. Felidae. In M. Janis, K.M. Scott, and L.L. Jacobs (eds.), Evolution of Tertiary mammals of North America, vol. 1: terrestrial carnivores, ungulates, and ungulatelike mammals: 236-242. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Matheus, P.E., 2003. Locomotor adaptations and ecomorphology of short-faced bears (Arctodus simus) in eastern Beringia. Yukon: Yukon Palaeontology Program, Department of Tourism and Culture.
  • Matthew, W.D. 1929. Critical observations upon Siwalik mammals. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 56 (7): 437-560.
  • Meloro, C., and A.M. de Oliveira. 2019. Elbow joint geometry in bears (Ursidae, Carnivora): a tool to infer paleobiology and functional adaptations of quaternary fossils. Journal of Mammalian Evolution 26: 133-146.
  • Merriam, J.C., C. Stock, and C.L. Moody. 1916. An American Pliocene bear. University of California publications, Bulletin of the Department of Geological Sciences 10: 87-109.
  • Miller, W.E., and O. Carranza-Castaoeda. 1996. Agriotherium schneideri from the Hemphillian of Central Mexico. Journal of Mammalogy 77: 568-577.
  • Montoya, P., L. Alcala, and J. Morales. 2001. Indarctos (Ursidae, Mammalia) from the Spanish Turolian (Upper Miocene). Scripta Geologica 122: 123-151.
  • Montoya, P., J. Abella, B. Figueirido, and J.V. Benavent. 2002. Venta del Moro, uno de los principales yacimientos de vertebrados terciarios de la peninsula Iberica. Cidaris 21-22: 13-20.
  • Montoya, P., et al. 2006. Las nuevas excavaciones (1995-2006) en el yacimiento del Mioceno final de Venta del Moro, Valencia. Estudios Geologicos 62: 313-326.
  • Morales, J., and E. Aguirre. 1976. Carnivoros de Venta del Moro. Trabajos sobre Neogeno-Cuaternario 5: 31-81.
  • Morales, J., M. Pickford, and D. Soria. 2005. Carnivores from the late Miocene and basal Pliocene of the Tugen Hills, Kenya. Revista de la Sociedad Geologica de Espana 18: 39-61.
  • Morales, J., P. Montoya, and J. Abella. 2011. Venta del Moro: un yacimiento clave para conocer la historia del limite Mio-Plioceno en el area mediterranea. Paleoisurus 4: 60-71.
  • Nanda, A. 2008. Comments on the Pinjor Mammalian Fauna of the Siwalik Group in relation to the post- Siwalik faunas of peninsular India and Indo-Gangetic plain. Quaternary International 192: 6-13.
  • Petter, G., and H. Thomas. 1986. Les Agriotheriinae (Mammalia, Carnivora) neogenes de l'Ancien Monde presence du genre Indarctos dans la faune de Menacer (ex-Marceau), Algerie. Geobios 19: 573-586.
  • Qi, G.Q. 2006. 3.3 Carnivora Bodwich, 1921. In G.Q. Qi,and W. Dong (eds.), Lufengpithecus hudienensis site: 148-176. Beijing: Science Press.
  • Qiu, Z.X., and N. Schmidt-Kittler. 1983. Agriotherium intermedium (Stach 1957) from a Pliocene fissure filling of Xiaoxian County (Anhuei Province, China) and the phylogenetic position of the genus. Palaeovertebrata 13: 65-81.
  • Qiu, Z.X., and R.H. Tedford. 2003. A new species of Indarctos from Baode, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 41: 278-288.
  • Qiu, Z.X., J.Y. Xie, and D.F. Yan. 1991. Discovery of late Miocene Agriotherium from Jiegou, Gansu, and its taxonomic implications. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 29: 286-295.
  • Qiu, Z.X., T. Deng, and B.Y. Wang. 2014. A Late Miocene Ursavus skull from Guanghe, Gansu, China. Vertebrata PalAsiatica 52: 265-302.
  • R Development Core Team. 2016. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
  • Roussiakis, S.J. 2001. Posteranial remains of Indarctos atticus (Ursidae, Mammalia) from the classical locality of Pikermi (Attica, Greece), with a description of the front limb. Senckenbergiana Lethaea 81: 347-358.
  • Samuels, J.X., J.A. Meachen-Samuels, and P.A. Gensler. 2009. The first mid-Blancan occurrence of Agriotherium (Ursidae) in North America: a record from Hagerman fossil beds national monument, Idaho. Journal of Paleontology 83: 597-603.
  • Savage, D.E. 1941. Two new middle Pliocene carnivores from Oklahoma with notes on the Optima fauna. American Midland Naturalist 25: 692-710.
  • Sorkin, B. 2006. Ecomorphology of the giant short-faced bears Agriotherium and Arctodus. Historical Biology 18: 1-20.
  • Stehlin, H.G. 1907. Les types du Lophiodon de Montpellier de Cuvier (Hyaenarctos insignis P. Gerv.). Societe Geologique de France 7: 219-223.
  • Stock, C. 1950. Note on a hyaenarctid bear from the Middle Pliocene of Chihuahua, Mexico. Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences 49: 1-2.
  • Tedford, R.H., et al. 2004. Mammalian biochronology of the Arikareean through Hemphillian interval (late Oligocene through early Pliocene epochs). In Woodburne, M.O. (ed.), Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: biostratigraphy and geochronology: 169-231. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Westerhold, T., et al. 2020. An astronomically dated record of Earth's climate and its predictability over the last 66 million years. Science 369: 1383-1387.
  • Wickham, H. 2016. ggplot2: elegant graphics for data analysis. New York: Springer.
  • Withalm, G. 2001. Die Evolution der Metapodien in der Hohlenbaren-Gruppe (Ursidae, Mammalia). Beitrage zur Palaontologie 26: 169-249.
  • Zachos, J., et al. 2001. Trends, rhythms, and aberrations in global climate 65 Ma to present. Science 292: 686-693.
  • Zdansky, O. 1924. Jungtertiare Carnivoren Chinas. Peiking: Geological Survey of China.