Microbial Regulation of Host Physiology by Short-chain Fatty Acids
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Description
Ourancestraldietconsistedofmuchmorenondigestiblefiberthanthatofmany societiestoday.Thus,fromanevolutionaryperspectivethehumangenomeand itsphysiologicalandnutritionalrequirementsarenotwellalignedtomodern dietaryhabits.Fiberreachingthecolonisanaerobicallyfermentedbythegut bacteria,whichproduceshort-chainfattyacids(SCFAs)asmetabolicbyproducts.SCFAsplayaroleinintestinalhomeostasis,helpingtoexplainwhy changesinthemicrobiotacancontributetothepathophysiologyofhumandiseases.RecentresearchhasshownthatSCFAscanalsohaveeffectsontissues andorgansbeyondthegut,throughtheircirculationintheblood.SCFAsnotonly signalthroughbindingtocognateG-protein-coupledreceptorsonendocrine andimmunecellsinthebodybutalsoinduceepigeneticchangesinthegenome througheffectsontheactivityofhistoneacetylaseandhistonedeacetylase enzymes.Furthermore,epigeneticimprintinglikelyoccursinutero,highlighting theimportanceofthematernaldietinearlylife.HerewereviewcurrentunderstandingofhowSCFAsimpactonhumanandanimalphysiologyanddiscuss thepotentialapplicationsofSCFAsinthepreventionandtreatmentofhuman diseases.
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PIIS0966842X21000354.pdf
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