Epidemiological Study of Gallbladder Disease: An Association Between Cholelithiasis and Cancer Gall Bladder A Case-Control Study

Introduction: Gallbladder carcinoma is a subtype of gallbladder cancer that particularly refers to primary epithelial malignancies that arise from the gallbladder. Of these, adenocarcinomas make up the vast majority (90%), while squamous cell carcinomas make up the remaining 10%. Most of the time, they only manifest symptoms when they are in advanced stages and are more common in elderly women [1]. Gallbladder cancer incidence varies widely according to region, ethnicity, and cultural differences, which points to the importance of genetic and environmental variables in the onset and spread of the disease[2]. Gallstones and chronic cholecystitis are the most frequent risk factors for the development of gallbladder cancer.

Material and Methods: A Case-Control Study" is to be conducted on patients admitted in various Departments of J.A. Group of Hospitals & G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, from 01 Jan. 2021 to 01 Aug. 2022. 75 patients will be selected as cases and 75 patients as controls for conducting this study.

Result: Females are most commonly affected with gallbladder cancer than males. Patients in the age group of 45-59 years have the highest risk of gall bladder cancer. Patients having gallstone disease were more prone to gallbladder cancer. The size of the stone also has a significant risk factor for gallbladder cancer. No. of stone also has a significant role in developing gallbladder cancer. Mustard oil consumption has shown an association with gallbladder cancer.

Conclusion: The main goal of the current study was to determine whether gallstone disease and gallbladder cancer are related. Carcinoma of the gallbladder was found to occur most frequently in the fourth and fifth decades of life with more prevalent among females (89.33%) than males in our study. Ultrasonographic evidence of gallstone disease was seen in most patients (53.33%) with gallbladder cancer. In this study, GBC was found in 65% of patients with multiple gallstones with stones more than 2 centimeters in size was more frequently linked to GBC. Mustard oil consumption was also associated with developing GBC Gallbladder wall thickening most common CT scan finding in our study. In this, study a significant association was found between GSD & GBC.