Monoclonal antibodies blocking CGRP for prevention of migraine

MAZIARCZYK, Alicja, MIAZGA, Dominika & SURDACKA, Laura. Monoclonal antibodies blocking CGRP for prevention of migraine. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2023;18(1):43-48. eISSN 2391-8306. DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/JEHS.2023.18.01.005

https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/43098

https://zenodo.org/record/7793415

The journal has had 40 points in Ministry of Education and Science of Poland parametric evaluation. Annex to the announcement of the Minister of Education and Science of December 21, 2021. No. 32343.

Has a Journal's Unique Identifier: 201159. Scientific disciplines assigned: Physical Culture Sciences (Field of Medical sciences and health sciences); Health Sciences (Field of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences).

Punkty Ministerialne z 2019 - aktualny rok 40 punktów. Załącznik do komunikatu Ministra Edukacji i Nauki z dnia 21 grudnia 2021 r. Lp. 32343. Posiada Unikatowy Identyfikator Czasopisma: 201159.

Przypisane dyscypliny naukowe: Nauki o kulturze fizycznej (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu); Nauki o zdrowiu (Dziedzina nauk medycznych i nauk o zdrowiu).

© The Authors 2023;

This article is published with open access at Licensee Open Journal Systems of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland

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The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.

Received: 14.03.2023. Revised: 14.03.2023. Accepted: 02.04.2023. Published: 02.04.2023.

Monoclonal antibodies blocking CGRP for prevention of migraine

Alicja Maziarczyk

Student, Wydział Lekarski, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie

alicja.maziarczyk00@gmail.com

ORCID: 0009-0001-6634-4215

Dominika Miazga

Student, Wydział Lekarski, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie

miazdominika@gmail.com

ORCID: 0000-0001-8715-9142

Laura Surdacka

Student, Wydział Lekarski, Uniwersytet Medyczny w Lublinie

laurasurdacka@gmail.com

ORCID: 0009-0006-3439-4003

ABSTRACT

Introduction and purpose

Monoclonal antibodies blocking calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are a novel treatment strategy developed specifically for prevention of migraine. Four drugs belong to this group: eptinezumab, fremanezumab and galcanezumab, which bind to the peptide; and erenumab, which blocks the CGRP receptor. CGRP is involved in nociception and plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of migraine, as it is released in the trigeminal ganglion as a response to local cerebral vasoconstriction in order to cause dilation of the vessels and maintain cerebral blood flow. Moreover, administration of CGRP, especially among migraineurs, induces a migraine-type headache. The aim of the paper is to discuss the potential of monoclonal antibodies blocking CGRP for the prevention of migraine and to outline their safety and efficacy profile.

State of knowledge

Several randomised clinical trials have shown a significant efficacy of these drugs compared to placebo in reducing monthly migraine affected days, among patients suffering from both episodic and chronic migraine. Incidence rate of side effects is low; the most common were mild to moderate (e.g. pain at the injection site, upper respiratory tract infections, nasopharyngitis, back pain and urinary tract infection). Anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies exhibit a superior benefit-to-risk ratio than established preventive treatments.

Conclusions

Randomized controlled trials are still needed in order to compare different anti-CGRP monoclonal antibodies and asses their long-term safety profile. In conclusion, these drugs seem to provide promising prospects of improving the lives of migraineurs. As based on current knowledge, the benefits are superior to the likelihood of harm.

Keywords: CGRP monoclonal antibodies; Migraine prevention; Calcitonin gene-related peptide