Did planet formation occur only recently? Evidences from the GAIA DR3 data

The impact of the GAIA space mission on astronomy has been substantial, as it has provided a precise and uniform data set for over 1 billion stars and other celestial objects within the Milky Way and beyond. The accuracy of stellar parameters obtained from GAIA has greatly benefited exoplanet science. In this investigation, we utilized the latest Gaia DR3 data, combining photometric, astrometric, and spectroscopic data to explore the kinematic and chemical age proxies of 2611 exoplanets and their host stars with uniformly determined parameters. Through the Radial Velocity Spectrometer (RVS) onboard GAIA, we demonstrate that stars that host massive planets are metal-rich and α-poor in contrast to those with smaller planets. Our kinematic analysis indicates that the stellar systems hosting small planets and those with giant planets exhibit significant differences in galactic space velocity and orbital parameters, which are indicative of age. Specifically, we observed a statistically significant difference of 0.06 kpc for Zmax and 0.03 for eccentricity. Additionally, we utilized the MESA isochrone models to estimate the ages of the sample's stars. Our findings reveal that hosts of giant planetary systems are younger than the population of stars hosting small planets, consistent with the chemical evolution of the galaxy and the formation of giant planets via the core-accretion process.