Published February 24, 2023 | Version v1
Journal article Open

CHANGES IN THE IMMUNE STATUS OF INDIVIDUALS INFECTED WITH HSV VIRUS

  • 1. Scientific-Research Medical Prophylaxis Institute named after V.Y.Akhundov Head of Immunodiagnostic Department
  • 2. Scientific-Research Medical Prophylaxis Institute named after V.Y.Akhundov Researcher
  • 3. Scientific-Research Medical Prophylaxis Institute named after V.Y.Akhundov Senior Laboratory Assistant

Description

Abstract

The problem of opportunistic infections becomes an actual problem in modern times. This is related to a number of factors, including the increase of chronic diseases treated with immunodepressants, which weaken the immune system. Opportunistic infections are caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses. These microorganisms, which often cause asymptomatic infections in healthy individuals, can cause infections that pose a threat to life in the presence of weakened immune systems.

This article examines the role of cytokines, chemokines, macrophages, T and B cells produced by immune cells during HSV infection, which is one of the opportunistic infections.

Notes

References: 1. Roizman, B.; Bıçaq, DM; Whitley, RJ Herpes Simplex Viruses. Fields Virology, 6th edition; Knipe, DM, Howley, PM, Cohen, JI, Griffin, DE, Lamb, RA, Martin, MA, Racaniello, VR, Roizman, B., Eds.; Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2013; pp. 1823–1897. 2. Looker, KJ; Garnett, GP Systematic review of the epidemiology and interaction of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Sex. Transm. Infect. 2005, 81, 103–107. 3. Kukhanova, M. K., A. N. Korovina, and S. N. Kochetkov. "Human herpes simplex virus: life cycle and development of inhibitors." Biochemistry (Moscow) 79 (2014): 1635-1652. 4. Agelidis, Alex M., and Deepak Shukla. "Cell entry mechanisms of HSV: what we have learned in recent years." Future virology 10.10 (2015): 1145-1154. 5. Rechenchoski, Daniele Zendrini, et al. "Herpesvirus: an underestimated virus." Folia microbiologica 62 (2017): 151-156. 6. James, Charlotte, et al. "Herpes simplex virus: global infection prevalence and incidence estimates, 2016." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 98.5 (2020): 315. 7. Miklos, Zorka, et al. "In vivo production of cytokines and β (CC) chemokines in human recurrent herpes simplex lesions—do herpes simplex virus-infected keratinocytes contribute to their production?." Journal of Infectious Diseases 177.4 (1998): 827-838. 8. Cunningham, Anthony L., et al. "Evolution of recurrent herpes simplex lesions. An immunohistologic study." The Journal of clinical investigation 75.1 (1985): 226-233. 9. Koelle, David M., et al. "Clearance of HSV-2 from recurrent genital lesions correlates with infiltration of HSV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes." The Journal of clinical investigation 101.7 (1998): 1500-1508. 10. Bertram, Kirstie M., et al. "Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 infects Langerhans cells and the novel epidermal dendritic cell, Epi-cDC2s, via different entry pathways." PloS pathogens 17.4 (2021): e1009536. 11. Kim, Min, et al. "Relay of herpes simplex virus between Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in human skin." PLoS pathogens 11.4 (2015): e1004812. 12. Pontejo, Sergio M., and Philip M. Murphy. "Chemokines encoded by herpesviruses." Journal of Leukocyte Biology 102.5 (2017): 1199-1217. 13. Holdsworth, Stephen R., and Poh-Yi Gan. "Cytokines: names and numbers you should care about." Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology 10.12 (2015): 2243-2254. 14. Sokol, Caroline L., and Andrew D. Luster. "The chemokine system in innate immunity." Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology 7.5 (2015): a016303. 15. Purwar, Rahul, et al. "Induction of C3 and CCL2 by C3a in keratinocytes: a novel autocrine amplification loop of inflammatory skin reactions." The Journal of Immunology 177.7 (2006): 4444-4450. 16. Puttur, Franz K., et al. "Herpes simplex virus infects skin γδ T cells before langerhans cells and impedes migration of infected langerhans cells by inducing apoptosis and blocking E-cadherin downregulation." The Journal of Immunology 185.1 (2010): 477-487. 17. Kim, Min, et al. "Relay of herpes simplex virus between Langerhans cells and dermal dendritic cells in human skin." PLoS pathogens 11.4 (2015): e1004812. 18. Bosnjak, Lidija, et al. "Herpes simplex virus infection of human dendritic cells induces apoptosis and allows cross-presentation via uninfected dendritic cells." The Journal of Immunology 174.4 (2005): 2220-2227. 19. Zhao, Xinyan, et al. "Vaginal submucosal dendritic cells, but not Langerhans cells, induce protective Th1 responses to herpes simplex virus-2." The Journal of experimental medicine 197.2 (2003): 153-162. 20. Malmgaard, Lene, et al. "Herpes simplex virus type 2 induces secretion of IL-12 by macrophages through a mechanism involving NF-κB." Journal of General Virology 81.12 (2000): 3011-3020. 21. Lee, Dhong Hyun, and Homayon Ghiasi. "Roles of M1 and M2 macrophages in herpes simplex virus 1 infectivity." Journal of Virology 91.15 (2017): e00578-17. 22. Dhanushkodi, Nisha R., et al. "High frequency of gamma interferon-producing PLZFloRORγtlo invariant natural killer 1 cells infiltrating herpes simplex virus 1-infected corneas is associated with asymptomatic ocular herpesvirus infection." Journal of Virology 94.9 (2020): e00140-20. 23. Cunningham, Anthony L., et al. "Evolution of recurrent herpes simplex lesions. An immunohistologic study." The Journal of clinical investigation 75.1 (1985): 226-233. 24. Wuest, Todd R., and Daniel JJ Carr. "The role of chemokines during herpes simplex virus-1 infection." Frontiers in bioscience: a journal and virtual library 13 (2008): 4862. 25. Shen, Ping, and Simon Fillatreau. "Antibody-independent functions of B cells: a focus on cytokines." Nature Reviews Immunology 15.7 (2015): 441-451. 26. Duddy, Martin E., Andrea Alter, and Amit Bar-Or. "Distinct profiles of human B cell effector cytokines: a role in immune regulation?." The Journal of Immunology 172.6 (2004): 3422-3427. 27. Oskay, Tuba, Cem Keskin, and Mehmet Özen. "Antioxidant and inflammatory biomarkers in herpes zoster." Journal of Medical Virology 94.8 (2022): 3924-3929.

Files

DSJ_69-22-25.pdf

Files (282.0 kB)

Name Size Download all
md5:e2ac3f32738c61cc96dc24b1e66eb3e7
282.0 kB Preview Download