Prevalence and Antibiogram of Extended Spectrum β- Lactamase Producing Eschericha coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Urine of Child-Bearing Women

Klebisella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are the major extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) producing microorganisms and are responsible for failures in treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) because of its resistance to antibiotics. This study aimed at evaluating the prevalence and antibiogram of ESBLs producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the urine of child-bearing women. A total of eighty (80) urine samples were collected from both pregnant and non-pregnant women within the age ranges of 15 – 44 years. The samples were cultured on CLED agar for the detection of the organism and identified by other standard microbiological methods. Phenotypic screening test in the presence of ceftazidime (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), and ceftriaxone (30 μg) were used to detect the ESBLs producing organisms. The double disc synergy test (DDT) was used to confirm the ESBL- producing organisms. A disc of amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (20/10μg) was placed at the centre of the Mueller Hilton agar plate and ceftazidime (30 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), and ceftriaxone (30 μg) were placed at a distance of 20 mm from the Amoxicillin-clavuanic acid disc. Enhanced inhibition zone of any of the discs on the site facing the amoxicillin + clavulanic acid disc was considered as ESBLs producer. The ESBL producers were found more on age range of 26-30 (42.5%). The prevalence rate of ESBL producing organisms were detected in 61.54% (n=70) of pregnant women and 38.46% (n=10) of nonpregnant women (p<0.05). Escherichia coli accounted for 28.75% (n=23) of the ESBL producing bacteria while Klebsiella pneumoniae accounted for 3.75% (n=3). ESBLs producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae showed high resistance to cefotaxime (100%), and ceftriaxone (100%) and completely sensitive to Amikacin (100%) and Iminipen (100%). From this study the antibiotic resistance pattern associated with ESBLs producing E.coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae is a useful guide for treatment and management of infections caused by ESBLs producing bacteria.