ERA5 overview for investigating GWs above tropopause folds in the vicinity of the Rayleigh lidar CORAL

ERA5 overview on upper stratosphere GWs, dynamics at tropopause level and airflows in the lower troposphere around the location of Rayleigh lidar CORAL located in Río Grande, Argentina at the southern tip of South America. The first overview is for the CORAL measurement from the 22nd to the 23rd of June 2018. The second one is for the measurement from the 7th to the 8th of August 2020.

(a) shows vertical profiles of stratospheric temperature perturbations for CORALs location after applying a vertical Butterworth filter similar to the measurements (Figure 7.2c). The measurement itself is overlayed by thin black lines (dashed lines represent negative values). (b) and (c) show vertical cross-sections of stratospheric temperature perturbations (after applying a horizontal Gaussian filter) for the latitude (b) and longitude (c) of CORAL. (d) and (e) show corresponding vertical cross sections at tropopause level with thick lines indicating PVU levels 1-4 (2 in green) and N2 color coded to differentiate between tropospheric and stratospheric air. Dashed lines in the vertical cross sections show zonal ((c) and (e)) and meridional ((b) and (d)) winds. (f) shows the height of the dynamical tropopause in a horizontal cross-section for the 2PVU level color coded with geopotential height and wind barbs for the 850hPa level. The vertical line in (a) marks the time for (b)-(f).