Mixtoscutella Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky 2022, n. gen.
Description
Genus Mixtoscutella n. gen.
Type species: Cellepora ovata Smitt, 1868, by original designation.
Diagnosis. Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilaminar.Frontal shield mixed, comprising a much-reduced umbonuloid area beneath suboral avicularium, corresponding externally to suboral avicularium, and extensive, uniformly pseudoporous lepralioid area. Primary orifice with or without lyrula, with condyles. Secondary orifice cormidial, with very low peristome. Suboral adventitious avicularium always present. Large adventitious avicularia present in some species. Ovicell hyperstomial, often becoming less prominent due to secondary calcification overgrowing ooecium; with pseudopores. Mural pore chambers and multiporous septula present. Basal wall fully calcified, without protuberances.
Etymology. The name refers to the mixed nature of the frontal shield.
Species included. Mixtoscutella ovata (Smitt, 1868a), M. ussowi (Kluge, 1908a), M. cancellata (Smitt, 1868a), M. harmsworthi (Waters, 1900), and M. androsovae (Gontar, 1979).
Remarks. Apart from two species examined in detail (M. ovata and M. ussowi) and transferred from Rhamphostomella (Figs 27, 28), we illustrate here three other taxa, including two little-known species (Fig. 29), that display a combination of characters (mixed frontal shield and suboral avicularium) warranting their placement in Mixtoscutella.
Mixtoscutella androsovae (Gontar, 1979) [= Smittina androsovae Gontar, 1979 (p. 244, fig. 4)] is known only from its type locality at Cape Nerpochka on the Pacific side of Simushir Island, middle Kuril Islands, from 30 m depth (paratype, ZIRAS 2 /43716) (Fig. 29A–C).
The high-boreal-Arctic species, M. harmsworthi (Waters, 1900) [= Schizoporella harmsworthi Waters, 1900 (p. 65, pl. 9, figs 10–12)], widely distributed in Arctic seas (see Kluge 1962 for details) has been detected in Avacha Gulf, eastern Kamchatka (ZIRAS 52/50568, KIENM Collection, RV Nazarovsk, Stn 141, 11 May 1988, 53°41.0ʹ N, 160°04.0ʹ E, depth 75 m) (Fig. 29D–F).
The rarely reported M. cancellata (Smitt, 1868) [= Escharella porifera forma cancellata Smitt, 1868a (p. 9, 75, pl. 24, figs 40, 41)], originally described from Spitsbergen (see also Nordgaard 1906; Kluge 1962; Kuklinski 2002b), has been documented from Point Barrow, Alaska (Osburn 1953) and the Chukchi Sea (Gontar 2010), and was recently found on the western slope of the Kamchatka Peninsula, Sea of Okhotsk (ZIRAS 1/50572, KIENM Collection, RV Agat, Stn 1–K–1, 1 June 2008, 58°00.0ʹ N, 155°43.0ʹ E, depth 285 m) (Fig. 29G–I).
Notes
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Linked records
Additional details
Identifiers
Biodiversity
- Collection code
- ZIRAS
- Family
- Lepraliellidae
- Genus
- Mixtoscutella
- Kingdom
- Animalia
- Material sample ID
- ZIRAS 2
- Order
- Cheilostomatida
- Phylum
- Bryozoa
- Scientific name authorship
- Grischenko & Gordon & Taylor & Kuklinski & Denisenko & Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky
- Taxonomic status
- gen. nov.
- Taxon rank
- genus
- Type status
- paratype
- Taxonomic concept label
- Mixtoscutella Grischenko, Gordon, Taylor, Kuklinski, Denisenko, Spencer-Jones & Ostrovsky, 2022
References
- Smitt, F. A. (1868 a) Kritisk forteckning ofver Skandinaviens Hafs-Bryozoer. Part 4. Ofversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Forhandlingar, 25, 3 - 320.
- Kluge, G. A. (1908 a) Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Bryozoen des Weissen Meeres. Annual Reports of the Zoological Museum of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, 12, 515 - 540.
- Waters, A. W. (1900) Bryozoa from Franz Josef Land, collected by the Jackson-Harmsworth Expedition, 1896 - 1897. Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Zoology Series, 28, 43 - 105. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1900. tb 01745. x
- Gontar, V. I. (1979) Bryozoa of the order Cheilostomata in shallow water off Simushir Island. In: Kussakin, O. G. (Ed.), Biology of the Shelf of the Kuril Islands. Nauka, Moscow, USSR, pp. 234 - 248 [in Russian]
- Kluge, G. A. (1962) Bryozoa of the northern Seas of the USSR. Identification Keys on the Fauna of the USSR, 76, 1 - 584. [in Russian]
- Nordgaard, O. (1906) Bryozoa from the second ' Fram' Expedition 1898 - 1902. Reports of the second Norwegian Arctic Expedition of the ' Fram' 1898 - 1902. Videnskabs Selskabet i Kristiania, 8, 1 - 44.
- Kuklinski, P. (2002 b) Fauna of Bryozoa from Kongsfjorden, West Spitsbergen. Polish Polar Research, 23, 193 - 206.
- Osburn, R. C. (1953) Bryozoa of the Pacific Coast of America. Part 3, Cyclostomata, Ctenostomata, Entoprocta and addenda. Allan Hancock Pacific Expedition, 14, 613 - 841.
- Gontar, V. I. (2010) Benthic fauna of the Bryozoa in Chukchi Sea. Vestnik Ecologii, Lesovedeniya i Landschaftovedeniya, 10, 139 - 155. [in Russian with English summary]