Quantum Tic-Tac-Toe - Learning the concepts of quantum mechanics in a playful way

Quantum mechanics is a complex matter. Nonetheless, given the impending arrival of quantum computers and the necessity for quantum programming abilities, more students should get acquainted with this subject. We provide a game-based learning approach based on Tic-Tac-Toe in a quantum modified version as a result of our study. We created a prototype to demonstrate and evaluate our assumptions using the design science research technique. Qualitative user feedback provided us with vital insights and shown that this game-based method helps to cope with quantum physics in a fun way. A majority of those who took part in the study stated that their interest in the subject had increased. However, for novices, it is necessary to follow them during the initial period of their training. The comments were quite helpful in optimizing the prototype. We found that our strategy, which included the use of a virtual opponent as well as the presentation of extra information about the quantum circuit, was more effective in helping participants comprehend quantum physics than earlier Tic-Tac-Toe-based learning settings.