Assessment of the potential of local solar generation for providing ship shore power in the Norwegian harbor Port of Borg

Decreasing the costs of renewable energy sources (RES) allows for the increase in their implementation in local energy systems (LES). For industrial customers, RES integration offers very site-specific benefits. In the case of the pilot site analysed in this paper, namely the Norwegian harbour Port of Borg (POB), these benefits are two-fold: decreased electricity bills and new business opportunities. First, local generation implies the chance to decrease their electricity expenditures by increasing self-consumption and avoiding peak demand pricing expenses. For this, POB wants to evaluate the impact of newly installed PV and coupled battery storage in the port. Additionally, they want to assess the feasibility to provide ship shore power at their site, which could both pose a new business model as well as a way to maximise local generation and improve local air quality. Scenarios considering the installation of PV (with battery storage) and the provision of ship-shore power at the port are techno-economically analysed using an open-source optimization tool, the Multi-Vector Simulator (MVS). The results of the assessment show that a large-scale PV plant of 1 MWp coupled with a battery can save 44 kNOK p.a. in peak demand pricing expenditures and reduce total electricity bills for the port by 40 % but does not result in a lower LCOE than the initial design. The LCOE increases by 0.314 NOK/kWh with the installation of a PV plant. This result is contested due to recent electricity price increases in Norway, where the LCOE is shown to decrease by 0.152 NOK/kWh with the new PV installation. The effects of providing ship-shore power with multiple ship-shore profiles are shown

to increase the local renewable energy utilization of the system. However, at the current electricity prices, additional PV/battery capacities to cover the new demand is not economically feasible. A significant increase in peak demand pricing expenditures with the inclusion of ship-shore power supply means that tariffs should be implemented for the ship-shore user in order for this option to be a successful business model for the port.