Terahertz antenna based on graphene material for breast tumor detection

In this paper, two different types of graphene-based rectangular patch antennas are designed for broadband terahertz applications. First, a patch antenna is modeled using copper metal for terahertz applications. The simulation results show a degraded reflection coefficient due to the use of copper. Therefore, the reflection coefficient is above -10 dB at 4.6 THz, then a VSWR is less than 3 dB when we used copper for the top patch. The patch antenna results are improved when graphene material is used, which has good conductivity, as demonstrated through simulations. Furthermore, an increasing band-width of 1 THz instead to 0.8 THz when we used the graphene material, due to a better impedance match. On the other hand, we achieved a slight increase in gain and the VSWR is less than 2 dB inside the available bandwidth. The time-domain solver of CST MWS software is used to evaluate the performance of the SIW (Substrate Integrated Waveguide) patch antennas. The SIW, PBG technology and the graphene material makes the antenna very important due to performance, such as the gain increases to about 7 dB, the bandwidth is about 1.6 THz duo to increase the chemical potential of the graphene material. The results obtained with CST are compared with simulations using HFSS to validate the design further. In addition, the 10 g peak skin SAR values of the antenna are 1.726e7 W/Kg instead of 9.55e5 W/Kg. In these results we conclude the antenna can detect tumor presence. © 2022 The Author(s)