Generation and emission data for main power plants in Germany (2015 - 2021)

This dataset contains generation and emission data for German main power plants (2015 - 2021). The underlying code with additional analysis is available on Github (still under development).

"blocks.xlsx":

This file collects power plant information per unit from different data sources. The EIC is the identifier used by ENTSO-E for the per unit generation time series [1]. This identifier is matched with BNA-ID and MaStR-Nr used in the official power plant list published by the Bundesnetzagentur [2]. Information about the plant (location, name, block name, electrical and heat power capacity, fuel type) has been collected from the power plant lists from Bundesnetzagentur [2] and Umweltbundesamt [3]. Fuel-specific emission factors have been assigned from data published by Umweltbundesamt [4] according to plant type and location. The ETS ID is the identifier of the installation in the EU emissions trading system. Note that EIC, BNA-ID and MaStR-Nr differ for each generation unit, whereas the ETS ID relates to a stationary installation which might contain several generation units.

"block-generation.xslx"
This file contains yearly generation for each generation unit calculated from the per unit generation time series published by ENTSO-E. Generation units are identified by the EIC and the BNA-ID.

"installation-results-yearly"

This file contains yearly results for generation and emissions for each installation identified by the ETS-ID [5]. Each installation might contain several generation units. Power generation has been calculated from per unit generation time series (ENTSO-E) for the units associated with the installation. Total emissions represent verified emissions as published as part of the EU emission trading system. These total emissions have been split up into emissions associated with power generation and heat provisioning based on the free allocations granted to the installation, \(E_i=E_i^{el}+E_i^{heat}\). From emissions associated with power generation and total generation, installation-specific emission factors have been calculated, whereas fuel-specific emission factors are used to estimate the utilization factor of the installation.

Emissions associated with heat are calculated by \(E_{i}^{heat}=H_i\cdot hb\), where \(H_i\) is the heat provided by the installation and \(hb=62.3 tCO_2/TJ\) is the heat benchmark used in the EU ETS as part of the process for determining free allocations [6,7,8]. We assume that free allocations are calculated from the heat as follows:

\(A_i(k) = H_i\cdot hb\cdot\beta(k)\cdot[\sigma + (1-\sigma)\gamma(k)]\)

Here \(A_i(k)\) denotes the free allocations in year \(2013+k\) and \(\beta(k)=(1-k\cdot 0,0174)\) is the linear reduction factor. The term \(\gamma(k)=(0.8-(0.5/7)\cdot k)\) represents the carbon leakage exposure factor for provisioning to installations exposed to no significant carbon leakage risk. This factor is \(1\) for heat provisioning to installations which show a significant risk for carbon leakage. The parameter \(\sigma\) denotes the share of heat provided to the latter sector (with risk of carbon leakage), whereas \((1-\sigma)\) gives the remaining share of heat provided to the sector without significant risk of carbon leakage. The parameter \(\sigma\) has been calculated by comparing the given data for free allocations for consecutive years \(A_i(k+1)/A_i(k)\) under the assumption that \(H_i(k+1)=H_i(k)\). Values for \(\sigma\) are given in the file "sigma.xlsx". Note that no free allocations are given for heat provided to installations taking part in the EU ETS, so these emissions are not covered by this approach. Not for all installation consistent information for free allocations was available, in these cases no entry in the file "installation-results-yearly.xslx" is given, respectively.

The utilization factor is calculated by \(G_i/((E_i^{el}/e(f_i))\), where \(G_i\) denotes the power generation at location \(i\), \(E_i^{el}\) the emissions associated with power generation, and \(e(f_i)\) the associated fuel-specific emission factor for the installation. The installation-specific emission factor is calculated by \(E_i^{el}/G_i\).

Sources:

[1] ENTSO-E Transparency Platform, Actual Generation per Generation Unit.
[2] Bundesnetzagentur, Kraftwerksliste.
[3] Umweltbundesamt, Datenbank Kraftwerke in Deutschland.
[4] Umweltbundesamt, CO2-Emissionsfaktoren für fossile Brennstoffe, Aktualisierung 2022.
[5] EU Union Registry, Verified Emissions 2021.
[6] European Commission, Guidance Document n°1 on the harmonized free allocation methodology for the EU-ETS
post 2012.
[7] Agora Energiewende, Die deutsche Braunkohlenwirtschaft (2017)
[8] Jan Frederick Unnewehr, Anke Weidlich, Leonhard Gfüllner, Mirko Schäfer, Open-data based carbon emission intensity signals for electricity generation in European countries – top down vs. bottom up approach, Cleaner Energy Systems 3, 100018 (2022).