Possible and probable models of formation of a civil society in modern Russia

The author considers three possible and probable models of civil society formation in modern Russia, based on a philosophical understanding of the meaning of these categories. The opportunity is an objective reality of becoming subject, as expressed in the conditions for its occurrence; the probability is a concept describing a quantitative measure of the possibility of occurrence of some event under certain conditions. In article political, economic, administrative, society cultural resources of possible formation of various models of a civil society in modern Russia are analyzed. The author concludes that during the periods when Russia was turning towards civil society, its formation was mainly based on the domestic model. Its distinctive feature is rightly considered to be the construction of civil society ‘from above’ by the state. Their awareness of the need to rely on the capabilities of civil society is the key to the development of the latter.