Emerging Probiotic Approaches and Concepts for Sustainable Aquaculture

Aquaculture plays a vital role in the food-producing sector to compensate for the shortage of protein. Bacterial and viral diseases are the most important obstacles to expanding and developing sustainable aquaculture. Prolonged usage of antibiotics and chemotherapeutic drugs against microbial infection leads to selective pressure to the emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens. Therefore for growing concerns, ecofriendly harmless alternative treatments require sustainable development in aquaculture to support the country’s economy. The use of probiotics is an efficient alternative solution that allows restoring the balanced microflora in the gastrointestinal tract. Probiotics have many benefits, including promoting development, improving digestion, stimulating the immune response, enhancing reproduction, controlling infections, providing nutrients, and improving water quality. The purpose of this review is to focus on various probiotic approaches used in aquaculture and the role of marine probiotics in this context.