Epigenome-Wide Meta-Analysis Reveals Associations Between Dietary Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load and DNA Methylation in Children and Adolescents of Different Body Sizes
Authors/Creators
- Ott Raffael
- Stein Robert
- Hauta–alus Helena H.
- Ronkainen Justiina
- Fernández–Barrés Sílvia
- Spielau Ulrike
- Kirsten Holger
- Poulain Tanja
- Melton Phillip
- Küpers Leanne K.
- Azaryah Hatim
- Colombo Marco
- Landgraf Kathrin
- Tobi Elmar W.
- O'Sullivan Therese
- Huang Rae–Chi
- Campoy Cristina
- Winkler Christiane
- Vioque Jesus
- Vrijheid Martine
- Kiess Wieland
- Körner Antje
- Sebert Sylvain
- Jarvelin Marjo–Riitta
- Ziegler Anette–G.
- Hummel Sandra
Description
Diets high in glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) have been associated with increased risk for the development of several non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in children and in adults. DNA methylation changes may underlie these associations, in particular in at-risk groups, e.g., people with higher body-mass-index. We performed meta-analysis of epigenome-wide associations studies (EWAS) between dietary GI and GL and blood DNA methylation of 1,187 children and adolescents (age range: 4.5-17 years) from six studies. We also performed startified analysis for these exposures in people with normal-weight (n=801) or overweight/obesity (n=386). To adress potential inflation and bias in the individual EWAS analysis and meta-analysis, we used Bacon adjustment (bacon Bioconductor package) and the reported model estimates and standard errors are adjusted. Dietary GL was positively associated with DNAm of cg20274553 (FDR <0.05), annotated to WDR27. Several CpGs were identified in the normal-weight (GI: 85; GL: 17) and overweight or obese (GI: 136; GL: 298; FDR <0.05) strata. Follow-up analysis showed that in participants with overweight or obesity identified CpGs were related to RNA expression of genes associated with impaired metabolism (e.g., FRAT1, CSF3). Thus, high-GI and/or -GL diets may influence epigenetic gene regulation and thereby promote metabolic derangements in young people with increased BMI.
The corresponding paper can be found here: https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-0474
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