Universalism and Pochvennichestvo as the main directions of the philosophy of the 21st century

At the end of the 20th century, two American thinkers became the “rulers of thoughts”, each of whom expressed his opinion about the modern era - Francis Fukuyama and Samuel Huntington. Francis Fukuyama published the article The End of History. This article immediately became a worldwide sensation. Samuel Huntington published an article on the basis of which he glorified his book The Clash of Civilizations. Among the scientific priorities of Russian philosophy belongs Slavophilism – a philosophical and historical concept of the fundamental dissimilarity (or even hostility) of Russian and Western civilizations. As a result, the old era with its values is ending, and the new one has not yet arrived, which marked a kind of “postmodern”. The aim of the study was to study the main directions of philosophy of the 21st century – universalism and pochvennichestvo, which formed philosophical postmodernism. Historical, comparative, logical and deductive methods were used to achieve the abandoned goal and solve the research problems. The study used materials from the works of such great philosophers of our time as Francis Fukuyama, Samuel Huntington, Theodor Adorno and others. The author comes to the conclusion that the decline of Western civilization does not mean the decline of humanity as such. Today, one can observe the gradual rise not only of new countries that until recently were the periphery of the world, but also expect the rise of new philosophical teachings. They will undoubtedly be based on the philosophical justification of the originality of their civilization. These will be original national versions of “Slavophilism”.